Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

I began my career at a company called Fuller Mossbarger, Scott and May Engineers, which was eventually acquired by Stantec. I started working there in 1997, where I conducted numerous seismic stability studies on dams and performed underwater bridge inspections. My background was strongly rooted in water resources engineering. During this time, I worked with George Athanasakes and began to get involved in stream restoration projects. I participated in several stream restoration training courses in 2001, and in 2003 I relocated to Louisville. Since then, my professional focus has primarily been on stream restoration work, and I have been dedicated to this field for over twenty years.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

I was invited to attend the SER conference in Redmond, Oregon, where I helped teach a class on stream restoration. During the event, I met the team from SER, and I found them to be genuinely insightful and aligned with our philosophy regarding rivers, landscapes, and the interconnectedness between water systems and communities. Their approach resonated with me, leading me to join that chapter in early 2010.

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

Making a difference in aquatic landscapes is deeply rewarding, as it feels like you are genuinely improving conditions for fish and other species, and for people in the long run. I am driven by the goal of improving those conditions. It is especially gratifying to return to a restoration site and see not only that fish have come back, but also that they are reproducing successfully. That is a truly remarkable experience.

Mike Adams on-site assessing a stream restoration project.

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

I believe the Klamath Dam removal project stands out as a highlight for me. It is incredibly satisfying to witness the return of fish to creeks where they have not been seen in sixty to one hundred years. Observing Chinook salmon swimming upstream and spawning again is especially rewarding. Throughout the project, I have had the opportunity to connect with members of the Indigenous community, and we have integrated traditional knowledge into our design process. Our goal has been to restore these water systems to their original condition, using both scientific expertise and cultural wisdom.

Klamath river restoration project.

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in addressing them?

In the past, I used to focus solely on the channel, without considering the adjacent floodplain, wetlands, or landforms. However, I have come to realize that it is all part of the same interconnected system. The core values of SER emphasize the significance of river systems and the communities that surround them. Restoration work is not just about nature; it also involves societal elements. By collaborating with groups such as Friends of River Systems, we are able to foster critical involvement. Their participation is essential, as they are not merely stakeholders but true partners in these restoration efforts.

Mike and colleagues on-site.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

When we discuss the context of landscapes and the connectivity of water with the ground and land, it becomes clear how essential this relationship is. This idea is also central to many Indigenous communities, for whom such connections are a fundamental aspect of their existence. The longer water remains present on the landscape, the greater the benefits to certain organisms and to aquatic communities as a whole. This includes fish, mammals, salamanders, frogs, insects, and birds. Sometimes, meaningful restoration simply begins with the act of reintroducing water to the landscape.

Mike at the New Zealand Nature Based Solutions Conference presenting on Nature-based Solutions.

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

Hyper-connected floodplains are a particularly effective landscape restoration approach. It underscores the importance of restoring beyond the stream channel and allows us to practice by example the tenet of maximizing the duration water is retained on the landscape. One of the first things I look for when approaching a potential project for the first time is how big can we make the floodplain.

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region and how does the chapter address them?

Ecosystem restoration in the Mid-Atlantic region has taken some public relations hits in recent years in large part because some prominent projects have included excessive tree removal. As practitioners, we need to do a better job of only cutting down trees when it is necessary and we need to communicate better the overall, long-term benefits of cutting down trees when doing so is what is best for the resource. We have talented restoration practitioners in our chapter and the more we stand up restoration successes in front of the public, the better we can communicate past successes in achieving balance in the practice of ecosystem restoration.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

It is important to expose yourself to as many diverse ideas as possible and to meet a wide range of people. You should avoid trying to be the smartest person in the room. Instead, seek out opportunities to learn from individuals with different backgrounds and experiences. Engaging with conflicting ideas can often lead to productive solutions. Above all, do not limit yourself too early in your career by specializing too narrowly.

Mike Adams on-site assessing a stream bank restoration project.

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration?

My vision is deeply rooted in the connection between water and the landscape. I believe that this connection is fundamental and extends beyond simply restoring nature; it involves restoring the relationships between people and the places they inhabit. This holistic approach to ecological restoration is what I aspire to contribute to, as I see it as essential for both environmental and community well-being.

What's something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

My interest in stream restoration began when my father owned a pet store, where I learned a great deal about the habitats of various fish species. I now have fish of my own. Many of these fish are at least threatened, and some are endangered or extinct in the wild.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

My name is Bidhan Chandra Pal, and I come from a humble background in the northern part of Bangladesh, specifically Rajshahi. Growing up in the 1980s, I was fortunate to be surrounded by the natural beauty of rural Bangladesh. My father, who worked across various districts, eventually settled in Panchagarh, in the northernmost region of the country. My childhood was deeply connected to nature through nursery work, gardening, caring for animals, and exploring forests and riverbanks. This organic engagement fostered an intuitive understanding of ecosystems and their delicate balance, far beyond textbook learning.

Over nearly 30 years, I've contributed across diverse sectors including: health, education, women's empowerment, governance, ICT, and more. Throughout, environmental concerns and ecosystem restoration have remained central to my work. After completing my Master's in Sociology in Dhaka, I pursued additional environmental training both nationally and internationally. During the COVID-19 pandemic, I recognized a critical gap: while awareness and advocacy efforts were thriving, actionable restoration initiatives were lacking. This prompted me to establish Probha Aurora, an organization dedicated to ecological restoration and sustainability.

Through Probha Aurora, we focus on six interconnected pillars, with ecological restoration at the core: Greening Education; Sustainable Green Business; Ecosystem Restoration; Environment, Climate Change and Public Health; ICT & Youth Opportunities & Climate-Focused Governance. As Founder and Managing Director, I've led initiatives in environmental education, such as Eco-Schools, Eco-Campus, Young Reporters for the Environment, LEAF (Learning about Ecosystems and Forests) and Green Key. We are proud to be the sole national operator for the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) in Bangladesh, enabling us to implement globally recognized green education programmes nationwide.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

To me, the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) embodies the heart and soul of global restoration efforts. As Probha Aurora deepened its focus on ecological restoration, I naturally felt a strong connection with SER, both through my professional work and personal experiences. I was drawn to the idea of joining this community that fosters collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and collective progress.

From the outset, I immersed myself in SER webinars, which expanded my knowledge and provided valuable opportunities to share ideas and ask questions. This engagement led to greater involvement, including contributing to shaping the SER Asia Network (SER-AN). Over time, I have participated in numerous webinars, attended international conferences, and connected with others through SER Connect, including taking part in the 11th World Conference on Ecological Restoration (SER2025), where I built networks with global leaders in the restoration field. I also feel honored to share that last year I had the privilege of chairing the Global Committee, and for 2026–2027, I have been elected as the Committee Chair for SER's Make a Difference Week initiative.

What I value most about my SER membership is the sense of being part of a global guardianship, an institution dedicated to protecting and advancing restoration efforts worldwide. It's comforting and empowering to know that SER continually works towards solutions for ecological challenges. The values and programs that SER promotes align closely with Probha Aurora's mission and my personal beliefs. For me, being associated with SER is a genuine privilege and an ongoing source of inspiration to continue our work in ecological restoration.

Bidhan Chandra Pal and Jon Moussally MD MPH and Primary Founder of TraumaLink promoting native tree planting in Bangladesh at a special event.

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

What excites me most about ecological restoration is the profound sense of purpose it offers. Whether working on coastal and marine ecosystems, freshwater habitats like rivers, lakes, and wetlands, or terrestrial landscapes such as forests and agricultural lands, each effort feels deeply rewarding. What truly captivates me is the inherent naturalness of ecosystems. The more I engage with ecosystems, the more I realize how interconnected and essential they are for the health of our planet and future generations.

At the same time, this admiration is paired with a strong sense of urgency. The escalating damage to ecosystems in recent times is a source of deep concern and sorrow. It's this blend of love for the environment and a drive to reverse damage that fuels my passion every day. There's great joy in being actively involved in this cause and encouraging others to participate in this ongoing, vital work. Ultimately, it's this shared journey—working together to safeguard our planet's future—that excites me the most.

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

I've been fortunate to participate in several impactful initiatives, but three stand out as particularly meaningful. First, our work in greening education in Bangladesh aims to green half of Bangladesh's educational institutions by 2030 through global programmes under the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE), such as Eco-Schools, Eco-Campus, Young Reporters for the Environment, LEAF, and the Green Key Programme. Our efforts have gained global recognition, and we are actively expanding these programmes nationwide.

Second, I am particularly passionate about UNEP's Tide Turners Plastic Challenge (TTPC) initiative. Over the past year, more than 30,000 young people from over 200 educational institutions across 34 districts of Bangladesh have participated, earning the title of Youth Champions. What excites me most is that 65% of these young leaders are women, driving cleanup campaigns, adopting innovative practices with alternative materials, and restoring water bodies.

Lastly, I am deeply committed to Sabuj Sathi, an initiative founded by Probha Aurora. This program promotes the use of eco-friendly, locally made products and aims to revive traditional craftsmanship such as bamboo and cane items. We're also working to shift farmers away from tobacco cultivation toward heritage crops like millets. It encourages youth and students to become more self-reliant and cultivates a culture of responsible consumption.

Promoting environmental education including the UNEP's Tide Turners Plastic Challenge (TTPC) initiative, Eco-Schools and more to a group of young students.

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in addressing them?

One of the most urgent challenges, especially in Bangladesh and the broader Global South, is the rapid pace of urbanization. As cities expand, they significantly contribute to biodiversity loss, climate-induced migration, and unplanned waste management. However, alongside these challenges, there are numerous opportunities for innovation. Community-driven rooftop gardens offer the potential to enhance urban food security and promote biodiversity. Initiatives like the Tide Turners Plastic Challenge and greening education programmes could be scaled up nationwide.

SER can offer vital support by facilitating access to funding, sharing best practices, and promoting global knowledge exchange. The technical expertise and guidance provided by SER can help scale up restoration education, ensuring that local initiatives in Bangladesh and beyond gain recognition and impact on a broader stage. SER's connections with leading universities and research institutions worldwide can significantly enhance the quality and depth of ecological research.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

Over the years, I've learned that ecosystem restoration is a complex, long-term process that rarely allows a full return to the original state. While recovery is neither quick nor straightforward, it's essential to remain persistent and committed. Every small step contributes to meaningful change, even amid challenges like discouragement or limited resources.

A crucial insight is that human actions primarily drive the challenges faced by Bangladesh's ecosystems. Therefore, driving behavioral change through education, awareness, policy reform, and community engagement is vital. I've also come to understand the deep interconnectedness within ecosystems. The flow of energy, nutrient cycles, and relationships among species are fundamental to their health. Restoring these systems isn't just about nature, it's about ensuring food security, combating climate change, and conserving biodiversity.

Another key lesson is that restoration extends beyond planting trees. Selection of native species, strategic placement, and ongoing care are critical. A holistic understanding of ecological processes is necessary, as without it, interventions may do more harm than good. Ultimately, the beauty of restoration lies in its inclusivity. Every individual, community, and organization has a role to play, whether through small initiatives or large-scale programs.

Bidhan highlighting Probha Auroras special initiatives on restoration at various national-level events and emphasizing their importance.

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

At Probha Aurora, we base our work on core guiding principles across our programs. These include enhancing biodiversity, improving ecosystem health, and prioritizing human well-being. We also emphasize understanding local conditions, respecting societal choices, and adopting a socio-ecological approach. This ensures our solutions are sustainable and grounded in the realities of the environment and communities we serve.

One of the most impactful practices we employ is the restoration of native and medicinal plant species. By planting indigenous trees, we not only restore the land's natural beauty but also provide habitats for local wildlife and support traditional healing systems. Restoring natural water flows is another critical principle. We actively participate in cleanup drives to reduce pollution, which helps restore vital water systems.

Community participation is at the heart of our work. Ecological restoration cannot succeed in isolation; it requires involving local communities through environmental education, youth engagement, and stakeholder collaboration. Ensuring active community involvement is key to achieving long-term sustainability.

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region and how does the SER Asia Network (SER-AN) address them?

The region faces distinct ecological challenges, including limited awareness and education surrounding environmental issues, behavioral gaps regarding eco-friendly practices, and concerning food habits. Urban areas are especially affected by high population density and limited green spaces. Seasonal flooding and climate change further threaten biodiversity and ecosystem resilience.

Despite these challenges, the region holds tremendous potential. Community engagement, educational initiatives, and innovative solutions can drive positive change. SER-AN actively addresses these issues through several initiatives. Webinars serve as platforms for raising awareness and sharing best practices. The Make A Difference Week initiative is a key component, aligning with the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration goals. SER-AN plays a crucial role in scaling successful restoration projects by providing technical support, strategic guidance, and facilitating connections among key stakeholders. I play a very proactive and commendable role in SER-AN.

Inspired by Make a Difference Week through Probha Aurora, a youth is repurposing plastic bottles to create bird nests and hanging them on trees.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

My foremost advice is to cultivate a sustainable mindset. It's crucial to go beyond modern technological approaches and gain an appreciation for traditional beliefs and practices that have historically been tied to nature. Understanding the interplay between contemporary methods and ancestral wisdom will deepen your insight into the complexities of ecological restoration.

This field is inherently holistic—it's about more than just applying tools or techniques. True restoration involves feeling, experiencing, and living in harmony with nature. One of the most inspiring aspects of ecological restoration is its promising future. As environmental challenges intensify globally, the demand for passionate professionals in this field will only increase. The fulfillment, pride, and sense of purpose that come from contributing to ecosystem health and resilience are profoundly rewarding.

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration?

My vision for the future of ecological restoration is rooted in sustainable development and the long-term health of both Bangladesh's environment and its people. I believe that through strategic planning, innovative management, and community engagement, we can restore ecological balance and secure a resilient future. In Bangladesh, tailored restoration programs that address our specific environmental issues can serve as models for other nations.

I am committed to advancing programmes like Probha Aurora's initiatives, including Greening Education, TTPC, Sabuj Sathi, and Eco Food Operations, that aim to transform communities, inspire positive change, and actively engage youth and educators in environmental stewardship. I also envision establishing Bangladesh's first Restoration Oral History Museum, a space dedicated to capturing the stories and lessons from different generations' restoration efforts. Ultimately, I aspire for ecological restoration to become embedded in Bangladesh's development journey, benefiting both the environment and its communities.

What's something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

A fun fact that many people might not know is that I've been involved in farming since childhood, which has given me practical hands-on knowledge of agriculture through the years. I also have a passionate hobby of collecting stamps and coins, and over time, I've built a fairly extensive collection. Another important part of my life is writing poetry. My poetry collections are quite unconventional, focusing on themes like nature, the environment, health, and women's empowerment. I was lucky to be introduced to ecological restoration early on, thanks to my father, who served as my first teacher in this field.

Could you introduce your team and tell us more about how each of you found your path to ecological restoration?

We are the Stewardship Team of the Yale Student Association of the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER). We're six master's degree students who have all traveled our own unique paths into ecological restoration, which has been an amazing way to learn through our work in the student association.

Maya learned about ecological restoration as a young professional looking for ways to work on climate change and essentially limit the amount of damage we are doing to the planet. In undertaking projects to restore biodiversity and ecological integrity in urban forest patches, Maya saw a different relationship made possible, one in which humans played a positive, contributing role in our living earth.

While leading a workforce development program in Southern California, Steven saw people form powerful connections to the natural world through ecological restoration projects. Those relationships are essential for cultivating future environmental stewards—and they continue to drive his work in restoration today.

Studying engineering in the Netherlands, Margo was lucky to take a course titled "Building with Nature" that first introduced her to concepts of ecological restoration without knowing this field existed. The idea that we can learn from nature and work in collaboration with ecosystems is what encouraged her to pursue further education in ecological restoration.

Grant has always been passionate about the biodiverse life on Earth (especially in swamps!), but learning about ecological restoration helped him think about ways to benefit humans as well as other species. Ecological restoration also has aspects of creative design and problem solving that engage Grant's brain in fascinating ways.

What inspired you to form a SER student association, and what do you value most about your membership?

Our student association embraces the idea that there are many pathways one can take to find their place in restoration. We welcome anyone who is interested to join our student association meetings, restoration field activities, or community building events. We have found an amazing community in the SER student association and feel grateful that we were able to play a role in co-creating it.

Maya courageously collecting our water sample during field research

What about ecological restoration excites your team the most?

As someone who studies forest ecology and conservation, Sophie became interested in restoration as a way for people to reconnect and restore our relationships with the land. It's easy to grow sad about all of the ecosystems that have been degraded over time, but restoration projects offer a kind of second chance, one where we can ensure thriving landscapes for the long term.

Sophie leading our members through the snow during the SER Skills retreat

Jack finds inspiration in studying the effects of novel disturbances and climate change on temperate forests, conducting research that could support our ability to make these ecosystems more resilient. Collaborating with local stewards and stakeholders to develop dynamic restorative actions is one of the ways he hopes to encourage meaningful change in our shared environments.

Could you highlight particular projects or initiatives your association has been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

Over this past year, we held practitioner talks, de-vining fieldwork, garden revival in New Haven's Botanical Garden of Healing, and naturalist walks. Steven often jokes that we are the community service club at the School of the Environment, and we are proud of it. Still, our biggest event to end the year was our SER Skills retreat.

We were up in Yale Myers Forest for a weekend in April, thinking we'd enjoy spring weather, stargazing, and campfires. Instead, it snowed. That didn't stop us and our members from learning how to pack for the backcountry, conduct water quality testing, graft pear trees, and plant apple trees. Most importantly, it gave us the opportunity to build relationships with each other through New England's temperate forest ecosystem.

Steven – protector of saplings during restoration fieldwork

How does your stewardship model differ from traditional leadership structures, and why is this important for your work?

We call ourselves the stewardship team, instead of a leadership team, because we have emphasized a horizontal structure in how we run the association. This has allowed us to do so much, while following our constitution's first bylaw: "an SER steward shall not be stressed" as declared by Sophie. This bylaw is a reflection of our association's core mission.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

Our own stewardship team shows the many pathways one can take to find place in restoration. Our association's community is made up of foresters, fresh- and salt-water scientists and managers, outdoor recreationists, and students who just like being outside. This diversity of backgrounds and interests strengthens our collective approach to restoration work.

In an uncertain time for the world's biomes, especially the ecosystems in the United States, this student association brings us hope. Our work through the student association has shown just how many people are caring for our ecosystems, highlighting just how much work is being done by the whole Society for Ecological Restoration.

Grant and Margo ready to plant during restoration activities

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region and how does your association address them?

Working in New England's temperate forest ecosystems, we encounter the impacts of climate change, invasive species, and historical land use patterns. Our approach involves hands-on learning through activities like de-vining work, water quality testing, and tree grafting. We emphasize building relationships with the ecosystems we work in, whether that's through snow-covered skills retreats or botanical garden revivals in New Haven.

What advice do you have for other students or emerging professionals who are considering forming their own SER student associations?

Embrace the horizontal structure and welcome everyone who's interested, regardless of their background. Focus on creating meaningful connections both with each other and with the natural world. Remember that there are many pathways into restoration work, and each person brings valuable perspectives. Don't be afraid to be the "community service club" of your institution – it's something to be proud of.

Jack working hard out in the field during restoration research

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration and student involvement?

We believe that students play a crucial role in the future of ecological restoration. By providing opportunities for hands-on learning, skill development, and community building, student associations can cultivate the next generation of restoration practitioners. Our work shows that when you create inclusive spaces for learning and collaboration, amazing things happen – even when it's snowing during your spring retreat!

What's something about your team (a fun fact) that not many people know?

Our constitution's first bylaw is "an SER steward shall not be stressed," and we take this very seriously! Also, we learned that spring weather in Connecticut is unpredictable – but a snowy skills retreat can be even more memorable than the sunny one we planned.

The team *seriously* drafting our constitution

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

I am currently the Levitt Distinguished Professor of Environmental Science and the Paul and Claudia Schickler Executive Director of the Jay N. Darling Institute at Drake University (Des Moines, Iowa). I grew up in what was once rural northeast Ohio and have spent the bulk of my education and professional life in Pennsylvania, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Iowa. I have a Bachelor's degree from Westminster College (Pennsylvania) and a Master's and Ph.D. from Miami University (Ohio). I've always been interested in issues associated with forest and grassland conservation and restoration; I've been blessed to be able to do both at Drake University.

In Iowa, I collaborate with rural communities and county conservation boards to find ways to balance habitat management and restoration with agriculture or recreation. In southern Indiana, I am entering my 16th year as a collaborator with the Hardwood Ecosystem Experiment. My work with the Darling Institute seeks to fund a student corps to live and work in rural communities in order to better steward our natural resources and improve economic development and public health. Through all these threads is a throughline of my commitment to improving natural habitats for plants, animals, and humans for generations to come.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

I joined SER to connect with practitioners worldwide, and I've grown as a professional from their mentorship and experiences working at the interface between human and natural land uses. The Society provides essential leadership as a leading voice for restoration ecology among both professional and citizen practitioners.

Keith Summerville working with tree seedlings for restoration projects in Iowa.

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

I love kick-starting ecological succession and then watching as native species thrive in response. There are always surprises; life finds a way even in the face of major disturbances.

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

The Hardwood Ecosystem Experiment in southern Indiana, the creation of Gishwati National Park in western Rwanda, and, most recently, the partnership with the Nature Conservancy at Dunn Ranch-Grand River Grasslands (Iowa/Missouri) and Kankakee Sands (Illinois/Indiana)

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in addressing them?

The staggering scale of invasive species and climate change will require longitudinal commitments to project sites of near any size long after the initial project "grant" or funding have expired. Building a coalition of invested practitioners that sustain restoration projects is essential.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

Listen to the reflections and stories of those that have lived with the land for generations before I became involved in a project. Their relationship to the land, their experiences with biodiversity, and their support for a project will mean just as much, if not more, than what I've read in scientific journals.

Prepare to be wrong, then learn from it and change practice. I've learned as much from disproving ideas I used to have as I have from confirming a set of hypotheses. I've learned to use failure as a tool to better serve my students, stakeholders I engage with, and the ecosystems I have a deeper connection to.

Everyone has something to contribute, so build diverse teams that represent all views and experiences with nature. The goal isn't unanimity for me, it's moving to a more shared sense of purpose in restoring ecosystems on stakeholders' terms (not mine).

Keith Summerville planting native species during field research in the Midwest.

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

I have been interested in ecological assembly rules since I was a doctoral student. I think when management can apply the right tools to leverage species' traits in such a way that natural processes can surmount external disturbances, we have achieved our most ambitious goals. I try to listen to the landscape and create research projects that help other restoration practitioners to manage only what is needed to let evolved species' traits express themselves in a way that makes ecosystems more resilient.

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region and how does the chapter address them?

The central Midwestern landscape is fragmented to an astonishing degree. An easy answer to questions of restoration might be to simply focus on less impacted landscapes. Yet, so much native species diversity remains as holdouts in our remnant patches. Restoration can connect these and undo, even a little, the impacts of land use decisions from 100 years past. The SER Midwest-Great Lakes Chapter emphasizes sharing methods, lessons learned, successes and not-so-successes so that each year we collectively have a little more benefit on the landscape.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

I'd recommend networking through volunteer events or stewardship days at your local natural areas. Meeting a diverse mixture of practitioners is both rewarding from a learning perspective and a networking perspective. In some ways, lifelong personal and professional success is going through the network you invest in, so spend the time to get your hands dirty while leaving our shared natural world a little more healthy.

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration?

We've protected, at scale, most of the least disturbed land we have left. Ecological restoration is the only way we grow the acres that can serve the ecosystem needs for both humans and other species. The field will most certainly become the strategy of choice for repairing degraded systems. The Society will be the singular thought leader in the restoration space as we move into the next 50-100 years.

What's something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

I learned, at a relatively early age, that trying to catch Striped Skunks is not a good idea.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

I am Kiran Baldwin, 25, a restoration ecologist from India, based at the Auroville Botanical Gardens on the east coast of Tamil Nadu. With origins in France, Switzerland, and England, I was born and raised in India, in the international township of Auroville, where I experienced an alternative upbringing in an environment based on human unity and integral education. Growing up, I was surrounded by a community of people passionate about the environment and involved in a 50-year reafforestation project on a highly degraded lateritic plateau near the coast, in the state of Tamil Nadu.

As a project manager at the Auroville Botanical Gardens, I coordinate and oversee initiatives focused on the conservation and restoration of the endangered Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest of the Coromandel Coast of India. For the past three years, I have been dedicated to developing The Global Biodiversity Standard (TGBS), a novel certification and mentoring programme that supports biodiversity-positive projects and promotes global ecological restoration.

Initially, I began my work by testing and developing field survey methodologies and mapping project sites. However, as my interest deepened, I took on more responsibility and I am now the lead for the India Hub of TGBS, managing all initiatives and the implementation of the Standard. Additionally, as a certified Trainer and Assessor, I have trained cohorts of Assessors across India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Hong Kong, and France, and have conducted assessments of projects in India and Hong Kong.

Collection of soil samples for a baseline study prior to restoration work at a limestone mine in Tamil Nadu, India.

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

I love to see change, to plant seedlings and watch them grow, to see the evolution of a landscape that is recovering and thriving with infinitely complex life systems. I see the opportunities as endless.

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing?

I believe that it is too easy to see the challenges and the uphill battle of ecological restoration. I much prefer to spend my time and energy looking at the opportunities, seeing that there is so much potential to do good and to initiate recovery. I am always fascinated by how even mere concentrated thought of restoration seems to bring a lifeforce that accelerates recovery potential. I am entirely in awe of what ecosystems can do and how much happens if we but give them the opportunity.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

Nurseries are critically important. I believe one cannot overstate just how essential it is to have nurseries filled with locally adapted, diverse species of the region. From my experience, a nursery can financially sustain an organisation while creating its own demand for species and increasing awareness of which species should be planted in an area—whether they are the perfect pioneer species, rare and threatened species, or fragile niche species that can be reintroduced to areas with improved conditions thanks to ecological recovery.

It is also of utmost importance to have species from multiple appropriate strata of an ecosystem, such as groundcover, shrubs, understorey, canopy, and emergent layers in a forest ecosystem, or the herbs, grasses, shrubs, and occasional trees that may exist in a savanna ecosystem. Niche species such as orchids, bromeliads, or ferns, as well as flowering trees and shrubs, can also be promoted aesthetically for landscaping while serving to enhance native biodiversity.

Another important consideration is that while it is easy to criticise the limited efforts of organisations or government institutions that plant inappropriate species and diversity-poor plantations, we can't provide a solution if we do not have the right species available at the right time for the right place. That is why it is pivotal to start nurseries, grow them, and then take opportunities to have a big impact and inspire others to start their own.

Field survey team monitoring recovery at a restoration project in Pandalgudi, Tamil Nadu, India (Kiran on the right).

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

My suggestion is to visit as many sites as you possibly can. Discover all types of ecosystems, visit projects involved in ecological restoration that are deploying vastly different strategies, visit intact areas as well as degraded ones. Learn about the different species that thrive in different conditions. Most of all, spend time in the harsh conditions of degraded ecosystems that are undergoing restoration.

I believe that we learn so much just by watching, studying and spending time in different ecosystems. By experiencing the harsh conditions of degraded sites, it calibrates our vision, it helps to understand priorities and how to design projects with effective resource management.

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration?

My vision is a world that celebrates its ecosystems, that recognises we are a part of nature not apart from nature. I see a society where starting a career in ecological restoration is encouraged and looked up to, not a compromise to living a life with a less prosperous career. I believe that we can shape a future where people live in, work with and enjoy our natural ecosystems while enjoying abundant lives with endless opportunities.

Survey of plant species in a post-mining restoration project in Pandalgudi, Tamil Nadu, India (Kiran on the left).

What's something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

Despite my upbringing in an area focused on reafforestation and conservation of the environment, this was not a career path that I had originally planned. After high school, I yearned to discover life outside of this field and decided to study for a degree in mechanical engineering. However, other plans seemed to have already been set in motion, and before starting my studies, the global pandemic emerged in 2020.

I found myself stranded in another country with a lot of time for self-reflection. My focus shifted back towards the environment and our anthropogenic impact on ecosystems, and I decided to forge my own path towards a career in ecological restoration. I have now successfully pursued this with passion and enthusiasm, building a strong career foundation without having done any formal studies in the discipline.

Certified Ecological Restoration Practitioner (CERP) Specific Questions

What inspired you to pursue certification, and how has it impacted your career and/or work in the field of ecological restoration?

I was fortunate to be offered the opportunity of applying for certification, thanks to the collaboration between SER and The Global Biodiversity Standard. The task of filling the application was challenging as I do not hold any formal degrees, however I am thankful that there are provisions to enable people who do not have credits from courses to still apply and explain how their experience with projects equivalates the required knowledge base of the disciplines.

The structure provided was straightforward to navigate and the support from the SER team was extremely helpful and supportive. I have since received my CERP in Training (CERPIT) credential and look forward to becoming a CERP in a couple years' time once I have 5 years of full-time experience. Since joining the community, I have participated in wonderful webinars, exchanged messages and explored collaboration with other members through the forum and connected with people at conferences and events.

In your view, what are the advantages of becoming a CERP, both for individuals and the ecological restoration profession as a whole?

The advantages of becoming a CERP are evident from the resources side; access to the technical reports, research papers, and SER's publications serves as a great opportunity. The webinars that are held are a great source of information from diverse fields and regions and always foster a space for further communication with participants, as well as the newsletter.

Additionally, something that has been great for me personally is the networking perspective. Being part of SER creates a sense of community, and I always look out for people when attending events or conferences. The messaging forum has been particularly useful for me as well, as I skim the discussions weekly and engage with any topics of interest or where I may be able to provide some support.

At the CBD COP16 in Cali, Colombia, during the official launch of The Global Biodiversity Standard (TGBS) (Kiran in the centre left).

What is your vision for the continued growth and recognition of CERP certification in the field?

I would like to see more inclusion and facilitation for people who do not have a formal degree or formal studies to showcase their knowledge base and join the CERP community. While this already exists, and I am grateful for the opportunities and support received, I believe we can strive even further to make the program more accessible, including from a financial perspective.

I would like to see the CERP certification recognized widely, allowing individuals to use it to prove and showcase their credibility and abilities. This recognition would help them secure jobs, expand their careers, and serve as a benchmark for continuing studies in fields related to ecological restoration.

The Global Biodiversity Standard (TGBS) Specific Questions

Can you tell us about your role in TGBS and share one of the most memorable or exciting things you've experienced so far?

I have been involved in TGBS since the inception of the project over three years ago. I started by working on field survey methodologies for rapid assessment surveys and mapping project sites. As my interest grew, I took on more responsibilities and now lead the TGBS-India hub. I organize and oversee all activities within the hub, from field visits and certification assessments to running training programs and workshops.

One of the most exciting events for me was the Train-the-Trainer Workshop that we held for TGBS partners in January 2024 at the Brazil hub - Jardim Botânico Araribá. This two-week long event was a momentous occasion where the first cohort of TGBS trainers and assessors became certified. Above all, it was an inspiring gathering of passionate people from all around the globe linked by the thread of TGBS and ecological restoration.

You've been involved in TGBS. In your view, how is TGBS making a meaningful difference in ecological restoration initiatives?

I think the strongest part of TGBS is that it is an internationally robust framework with a local assessment methodology developed by people who know their ecosystems best. It combines and bridges the worlds of academia and scientifically robust knowledge, along with companies' resources and specialized fields of operation, as well as local organizations that have in-depth knowledge of specific ecosystems.

One key aspect of TGBS is its dual role as both a certification programme and a mentoring initiative. It not only provides recognition to biodiversity-positive projects but also enables projects to increase and accelerate their impact. TGBS supports those with good intentions who may lack knowledge of best practices.

Teaching a TGBS Assessor Course module for the establishment of a new hub in the Philippines.

What current or upcoming TGBS initiatives are you most excited about, and how does being a CERPIT impact your role on these projects?

I am very excited for the SER World Conference 2025 in Denver, where I will be attending with the TGBS team. We will be showcasing components of the methodology and engaging in discussions with anyone interested in learning more about the Standard. This will be my first SER World Conference, and I am really looking forward to connecting with many people and learning about all the projects and initiatives operating around the world that will be showcased.

I am eager to meet with fellow CERPs and CERPITs, especially those from India and nearby regions, so that we can explore potential areas of collaboration and share knowledge and experiences.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

I am an ecologist and internationally recognized Certified Ecological Restoration Practitioner (CERP) who has built a career around my passion for the conservation, management, and restoration of ecosystems. After completing a doctorate in zoology, I began working as an Assistant Professor at Navrachana University, Vadodara, Gujarat.

I have more than 15 years of research experience across diverse ecosystems including forests, wetlands, deserts, grasslands, and rivers. Over the past 6–7 years, I have completed various restoration projects such as mangrove and wetland restoration. Currently, I work with Indigenous communities, particularly Indian farmers, to restore soil health through natural, organic, and chemical-free farming practices.

One of my lead projects with Mrs. Shruti D. Shah (Botanist, Ecologist) focuses on soil restoration using native plant species, which helps restore soil biota and groundwater. It also involves stakeholders including Indigenous people, students, and local communities, as part of sustainable development efforts.

Soil restoration: Organic farm (farmer: Mr. Umesh Giri, Gujarat) Students of Navrachna University learn about the importance of chemical-free farming.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

The most important thing I gain from SER is the opportunity to present my work at the international level. It allows me to connect with different people who provide valuable guidance, get involved in my projects, and offer learning opportunities that are especially meaningful for those working in developing countries.

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

What excites me most is being able to contribute to restoring nature, which is essential for the survival of the human population. I also greatly value the opportunity to meet Indigenous communities and involve them in restoring soil through traditional methods. Additionally, I conduct training sessions, workshops, and internship programs for a range of stakeholders including students, businesspeople, industrialists, scientists, restoration practitioners, and Indigenous communities.

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

There are two projects I would like to highlight:

Wetland restoration — this project involves working closely with Indigenous and local communities.

Soil restoration — this project has been particularly successful in engaging local people living in suburban areas by emphasizing the importance of native tree species. We have planted more than 100 native plant species, including herbs, shrubs, creepers, and trees (such as Ficus benghalensis, Azadirachta indica, Vetiver species, etc.) along with 25 different seed varieties (Saraca asoca, Mangifera indica, etc.). This project was made possible with the support of Mrs. Shruti Shah (SER member) and other supportive people. 

A before photo taken 19 March 2021 and after photo taken 14 December 2021 of a wetland feature. Thankful to the villa owner, Mr. Shah.

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in  addressing them?

One of the biggest challenges has been convincing local village governments, securing budgets, and helping stakeholders understand the importance of eco-friendly materials. To address this, I often use examples from SER projects in other countries, which has helped me overcome some of these challenges.

Obtaining permissions and funding from local governments remains one of the most difficult aspects. SER plays a crucial role by providing solutions for eco-friendly materials and sharing restoration strategies that I can apply to my projects. There is also a growing need for more advanced tools and techniques to help reduce manual labor.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

The importance of awareness and training.

Connecting students (undergraduate, postgraduate, researchers), Indigenous people, and local communities.

For soil restoration, it’s essential to understand the types of soil, seasonal patterns, available and required water, manpower, tools and techniques, types of crops, and the role of traditional crops. 

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

I am particularly interested in eco-friendly materials, as well as resources from SER such as chapters, sections, journals, CERP applications, and project databases. One suggestion I’d offer is that we cannot apply theoretical international principles universally; each country requires its own adapted approach.

Jagruti and Shruti Shah organized a visit to the Ramsar site (Nalsarovar, Gujarat) for the local community (including engineers &  students).

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region?

A main challenge is raising awareness about the concept of restoration, securing funding, and convincing local governments to support restoration work. The opportunities include, meeting international colleagues through conferences, gaining new knowledge, and connecting with diverse people. I’ve also received recognition at the Asian level as an invited speaker at international conferences and local industry events, as well as national recognition through university accreditations.

Native plants distribution to local community members.

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration?

My vision is to encourage more students and the younger generation to conserve ecosystems. However, when conservation efforts fail, restoration plays a crucial role, provided it is guided by proper strategies, applications, and monitoring using new tools and techniques (such as drones, seed banks, and platforms for Indigenous communities). I believe that by living more like traditional and Indigenous communities, with minimal use of technology, human life can become truly sustainable.

What’s something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

I believe in spirituality and often find humor even in critical situations. I am very closely connected to my friends Dr. Chandni Patel (SER member) and Dr. Sonal Deshkar and family. Also, I love cheetah and dream of one day taking a photo with one!

Last but not least, I would like to thank my Ph.D. Guide Dr. Geeta Padate, the Guruji (Dr. A.V. Ramachandran) and all my teachers and professors.

CERP Specific Questions

What inspired you to pursue certification, and how has it impacted your career and/or work in the field of ecological restoration?

As someone from a developing country, I’ve pursued various courses aligned with the national education policy, and the knowledge I’ve gained has had a significant impact on my work.

I actively read both international and national policies. This certification has given me the opportunity to be part of the Goals and Governing Council of SER and CERP. It has also allowed me to connect and interact with different project coordinators on restoration projects. I’ve even delivered introductory lectures to undergraduate students.

In your view, what are the advantages of becoming a CERP, both for individuals and the ecological restoration profession as a whole?

Becoming a CERP has given me insight into many restoration projects beyond my own country, providing opportunities for knowledge exchange with other experts.

Jagruti presenting her research at SER2023 in Darwin Australia.

What advice do you have for restoration professionals considering certification?

Keep your knowledge updated regarding national and international strategies and involve more Indigenous and local communities. Attend meetings and conferences, and expand your expertise and learning through SER. Awareness and restoration work should go hand in hand.

Get more involved in restoration projects, starting at the regional level and then advance to the national and international levels.

What is your vision for the continued growth and recognition of CERP certification in the field?

My vision is to encourage more students and the younger generation to conserve ecosystems. However, when conservation fails, restoration becomes essential, using proper strategies, applications, and monitoring supported by new tools and techniques (such as drones, seed banks, and platforms for Indigenous communities). I believe that living like traditional and Indigenous peoples, with minimal reliance on technology, is the path to true sustainability.

A wetland awareness program and tour with the young generation.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

My name is Raymond Aghayere, an Area Forest Officer with the Edo State Forestry Commission, managing public forests across areas in the Akoko-Edo and Owan-West local government areas (derived savanna and rainforest ecological zones respectively) for the Edo State. My passion for forestry began in my childhood village in the state, surrounded by a small forest and sacred grove - remnants of a highly biodiverse natural forest reserved for religious purposes. Initially, I pursued a teaching career after earning a Forestry and Wildlife degree in 2016, believing that educating young minds on ecology would restore ecosystems.

However, in 2018, I was devastated to learn that my community planned to exploit sacred grove trees for development, exposing the limits of education alone to prevent such losses. Other important factors like changing socio-religious dynamics and, the inability to access green bond programmes were responsible for the failure to protect sacred groves. Motivated to act, I incorporated climate change education into the school curriculum and campaigned for grove protection. Yet, I realised immediate threats required direct conservation efforts, hence the need to change careers to create bigger impacts.

In 2022, I joined a select team to establish the Edo State Forestry Commission, where I have since advanced forest regeneration projects and protected sacred groves, blending science and cultural heritage to safeguard these vital ecosystems.

In the future, I plan to become one of Nigeria’s first conservation economists. I believe this will help me create mechanisms for communities to establish corridors between sacred groves, increasing their biodiversity and making them more resilient to political and climate change.

Raymond, second person from the left as part of a select team of the Edo State Forestry Commission visit to the Ghana Forestry Commission to seek collaboration on reforestation strategies

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

In 2023, I needed inspiration to tackle a forest management problem in the areas around the derived savannah ecological zone of Edo State. During my research I came upon a webinar with Dr Dennis Albert as a speaker. He addressed wetlands in the Great Lakes but I drew parallels with the forest estates I manage. I joined the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) soon after, to enhance my expertise, network with like-minded professionals, and gain access to resources that align with my mission of restoring and conserving ecosystems, particularly sacred groves and degraded forests. SER offers a platform for diverse voices and being a part of the Awards Committee has opened my eyes to appreciating the efforts people around the world put into restoration.

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

The opportunity to restore degraded forests and empower local communities to protect their forests or sacred groves with tools fitted for the challenges of the 21st century based on their indigenous knowledge is particularly exciting. Ecological restoration projects should not be undertaken without incorporating indigenous knowledge, even alongside the best scientific approaches. I am glad ecologists nowadays are more inclusive and are integrating community inputs into their restoration projects.

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

Recently, I established a tree nursery in the Ileteju, Makeke community within the Akoko-Edo local government area. The purpose of this nursery was to grow seedlings to create a green buffer around sacred groves, enrich depleted sacred groves, and facilitate avenue planting. However, there was reallocation of funds to larger nurseries in different areas of the State, due to inflation. As a result, this relatively small nursery had to close down before achieving its intended objectives.

The people of Ileteju stepped up to help by volunteering their time and efforts to care for the seedlings and maintain the nursery sites. Managing a nursery is a delicate and labour-intensive task, but the locals were eager to learn how to run a nursery effectively. They also provided valuable feedback on the cultural significance of the cultivated species. These inputs helped me re-strategize at various junctures, making the project better. In early Q2 2025, planting will be completed to meet our objectives.

Community youths carrying out nursery maintenance at Ileteju community, Makeke

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in  addressing them?

The global political dynamics and recalcitrant attitudes of major polluters to finance restoration projects present a medium to long term challenge to ecological restoration. This presents a major opportunity to develop innovation into the field and make restoration projects more politically resilient. SER membership has a cache of talents it can leverage to develop ecological restoration templates that are resilient to changing socio-political dynamics.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

The integration of astute indigenous knowledge and active community engagement is indispensable in restoration efforts, as it enhances cultural resilience and ensures the sustainability of these initiatives.

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

The involvement of local stakeholders in the decision and implementation phases of restoration projects ensures sustainability. Community restoration around sacred groves focuses on collaborative approaches that integrate modern science with indigenous practices.

Meeting with the elders at Ososo community during community campaigns in Akoko-Edo, Edo State, Nigeria to solicit for support in a forest restoration project

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region?

The challenges associated with restoration in this region includes technical expertise, and community capacity-building support, loss of traditional ecological knowledge tied to sacred groves due to generational shifts, and reduced reverence for cultural heritage. SER Africa is investing resources into capacity development through webinars and conferences to embrace youth led innovations and community engagement. There are solid plans to establish a training and research centre in Africa to support students across the continent lacking ecological restoration resources.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

First, this field is not the path to riches, but it offers something far more rewarding: challenges that will shape you, thrilling adventures, opportunities to connect with people from all walks of life, and the chance to embrace the rich diversity of human experiences. My advice to students is to be lifelong learners—immerse yourself in everything and be ready to unlearn and relearn when needed. Stay open to every experience, no matter how small or insignificant it may seem, as each one contributes to your growth and perspective. Please seek an internship at a local restoration project today.

Raymond with some friends and colleagues during forest inventory operations

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration?

Conventionally, I should be more optimistic, and I am, despite recognizing the significant challenges we must overcome. I believe we can and will surmount these obstacles, not just because we should, but because our way of life depends on our success. In the future, ecological restoration will no longer be optional—it will be an integral part of every land use project, shaping the future of development to ensure sustainability and resilience for future generations.

What’s something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

Initially, I disliked hiking and camping. However, during my university days, a night under the forest's starlit sky transformed my perspective. It felt as though the universe revealed itself to me, and I began noticing intricate connections in nature I had previously ignored. Now, regardless of where I live, I take long walks, observing the local ecosystems and drawing connections within them. It is a constant reminder that I have chosen a profession dedicated to ensuring humanity continues to thrive and benefit from the natural world.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

I moved to Hawaii in 1994 and immediately began volunteering at the Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden, a native Hawaiian garden. I became the plant propagator and gave docent tours for 8 years. I obtained a Bachelor's degree in Ethnobotany from the University of Hawaii.

After graduating, I was hired by TREE (Tropical Reforestation Ecosystems & Education), a non-profit organization. We did restoration in the wet forest and montane forest and engaged adults and students from the community, bringing them into the mountains to plant native species. My nursery, Future Forests, grew the seedlings for these projects. We also had a Youth and Cultural Exchange program, through which we worked with the Yupik Eskimos in Alaska and the Navajo Nation in Northern Arizona. The children went to those lands for two weeks and those native children came to Hawaii for two weeks to learn from us about restoration and land management practices.

Photos of students from Hawaii schools helping to process seed collections. (We offer free field trips to Hawaii students so they can learn their native species. That is our gift to the community.)

We also conducted projects in Vietnam with the University of Hue, Forestry and Agriculture, where I taught teacher training on nursery management and plant tissue culture, a subject I had studied and worked on in a lab during college. Through TREE, I began teaching and training extensively in nursery management and seed banking.

I have been involved in extensive ecosystem restoration in Hawaii for over 20 years. I have worked with the National Park Service in two parks, the Department of Hawaiian Homelands, The Nature Conservancy, Kamehameha Schools, and many private landowners. I assist landowners in conducting restoration, often with the support of NRCS grants. My work includes collecting seeds, propagating, and planting for wetland, coastal dry forest, dry forest, mesic forest, wet forest, and montane forest restoration.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

Try to get a lot of field experience. Completing internships and then committing to a job to develop expertise will enhance your understanding of restoration practices. Be patient and identify niche areas; there are so many opportunities to serve.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

I learned about SER a few years ago and was very excited, so I started following the website. I seek out relevant conferences that support my learning about regional land restoration projects, as well as my own work. SER is a wonderful organization; these are my people!

I was particularly impressed with the 2023 conference in Darwin, Australia, and attended the SER North American conference in Vancouver, Canada in 2024. SER helps me remain positive about the state of the world's ecosystems, as more individuals are dedicated to serving the planet, which is extremely important. 

Before 2019, it seemed that restoration was underfunded and undervalued. Today, the increase in regional efforts is encouraging! SER has established a hub where individuals working on the land can connect and learn from one another.

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

Ecological restoration involves observing and serving nature. We are learning from the Earth about how to understand systems, which I find very exciting.

It is alarming that the largest tree planting organizations globally are planting only a few species, often not native ones. During my time in the corporate world, I conducted due diligence and project design, engaging with projects aimed at selling carbon credits. Many projects require funding to support livelihoods; however, scaling up efforts sometimes compromises project quality, shifting the focus from healthy ecosystems to carbon and profit.

What excites me most about ecological restoration is that we consider the entire system and the community of species within it. We utilize reference sites to observe and monitor flowering, collect seeds, and document positive and negative interactions between insects and animals. I am humbled by nature's generosity and abundance, and I strive to serve it to the best of my ability.

A photo of Future Forest Nurseries in Hawaii.

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

In 2019, I purchased 48 acres in Kona, Hawaii, where I have been developing the Joseph Rock Arboretum, aimed at restoring a Hawaiian dry forest and serving as a training center for new forest creators. I initiated a program called Seed Ark to assist projects in developing and constructing off-grid, solar-powered seed banks, enabling them to enhance seed collection in their programs. I conduct two-week in-country training sessions to set up the lab and guide participants through the seed banking process.

This is crucial because seed availability is a bottleneck in many projects. It also supports resilience in food security, and some projects leverage seed banks to develop micro-economies by selling plants and seeds regionally. These things are life enhancing. Seed banks are not limited to large research institutions; smaller seed banks can partner with these larger institutions and benefit from their research.

A beautiful site to learn about the Hawaiian dry forest, seed banking, and reforestation

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in  addressing them?

We must continue training individuals and providing learning opportunities to increase the number of stewards of the Earth. SER is an important platform for sharing these resources, preventing isolated efforts.

I admire SER's regional and global scope. I am genuinely impressed with SER's work, and the people I've met through the organization are good people; of course, land people are good people. I believe that it is best to learn from nature. This kind of work takes time. Experience cannot be rushed, it happens from being in the field.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

I think we need to develop many more regional seed banks. Many people may not realize that climate disruption and extreme Earth events like flooding, droughts, and fires disrupt pollination. This is a serious concern.

We must collect seeds from the mother trees now, while it is still possible. I also believe we should partner with governments, local universities, and nonprofits to create large regional seed networks. We cannot rely solely on the government to organize this effort, and it is crucial that seeds remain accessible to the public, ensuring the next generation has the resources to support biodiversity.

Images of Hawaiian seeds taken with our microscope camera

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

A lot of people think that seed banking means saving seeds for decades, and if you have done that you are in good shape. However, effective seed banking involves collecting and processing seeds (cleaning and drying them), using them as needed, then recollecting and banking. This cycle keeps seeds in the environment so that they are adaptable to current conditions while also preserving them for the future. We take out the oldest collections and grow them.

Many organizations have shared with me that they collect seeds annually and immediately propagate them in a nursery. If these seeds are not used, they die. With a seed bank, these organizations could properly process the seeds and use them in subsequent years. Seed banking prevents seed aging and enhances opportunities. It is a game changer for restoration practices.

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region?

Hawaii has a lot of rare species and we need to support the ecosystems in which they are found so they can have a chance to persist. My work focuses on the rarest dry forest species in Hawaii. We have a wild goat epidemic that requires the State to take more action in managing them. They are destroying what is left of the native species that are not protected by fences. That is very tragic.

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration?

As I mentioned earlier, strengthening the entire restoration cycle is crucial, beginning with seed collection. We must continue developing training pathways and appreciate the services that ecosystems provide to all life.

Instead of allowing land to remain wild, we continually transform it for our purposes, which directly affects Earth’s carrying capacity for humans. Preserving wild biomes is essential. Before 1800, the global population was less than one billion. Consider the world population at the time of your birth versus today. Continued destruction of ecosystems will lead to severe instability. Currently, livestock comprises 62% of the world’s mammal biomass, humans 34%, and wild mammals only 4%. Human population growth is a major driver of the biodiversity crisis. We must remain faithful to the Earth.

Seeds, the Mother of Time

What’s something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

I am an amateur cellist and play in two community orchestras. I particularly enjoy classical music.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

My name is Anita, and I am a marine biologist and Certified Ecological Restoration Practitioner specializing in marine ecological restoration. Growing up in a remote coastal town on the Yorke Peninsula in South Australia, I developed a passion for the ocean, fascinated by life in the rockpools and the unique creatures I encountered. This led me to complete an honours thesis in marine biology in 2009 and further studies in Environmental Management and Policy at the University of Adelaide.

My career began with research on the symbiotic relationship between clownfish and anemones, which inspired me to co-found Saving Nemo, a conservation initiative protecting wild clownfish from the aquarium trade. I then worked in mining environmental impact assessment for the Australian Government and a consulting firm before joining The Nature Conservancy Australia in 2016.

Photo taken in 2024 at Kangaroo Island, as the South Australian Seascapes Program Coordinator. In this role, I've led the strategy and management of several large-scale ecological restoration projects, including the critically endangered Australian Flat Oyster reef restoration and coastal wetlands. Photo credit: L. Hurley.

For my role leading restoration programs, I was listed as a Top-50 most influential environmental champion in South Australia in 2021, and was a 40-under-40 award winner in 2022. One of the restoration projects that I led played a part in The Nature Conservancy Australia winning the prestigious 2020 Australian Museum Eureka Prize — the equivalent to the Oscars in the environment sector.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

My inspiration to join SER stems from a profound commitment to enduring ecosystem resilience in the face of anthropogenic pressures. The urgency of addressing biodiversity loss and habitat degradation has never been more critical. SER provides a network of dedicated scientific researchers and professionals advancing effective restoration projects.

I value the community sharing cutting-edge research, innovative methodologies and best practices that have helped me improve the implementation of my projects. The dynamic nature of the field demands ongoing learning and adaptation, and SER provides a vital resource for staying abreast of new developments.

Taking millions of juvenile hatchery-reared oysters out to the newly created reef bases on the Yorke Peninsula that are constructed out of limestone rocks to complete the first shellfish reef restoration project in South Australia in 2018. Photo credit: T. Brockhouse.

What are your main responsibilities as Chair of SER Australasia, and what inspired you to take on this leadership role?

I joined the SER Australasia board in 2022 with the goal of contributing to the field of ecological restoration and collaborating with others to influence the organization's direction and priorities. My focus is on shaping policies and initiatives that promote best practices, enhance industry and community participation, and support scientific research in restoration.

Being on the board enables me to work alongside diverse professionals and experts to advocate for restoration efforts that address climate change, biodiversity and habitat loss, and ecosystem health. Over the past two years, we successfully organized the SER2023 conference in Darwin. This year, I stepped into the chair position, despite being one of the newest and youngest members, I was encouraged by respected board mentors.

My role on the board provides an opportunity to make a meaningful impact. I am particularly excited about updating our strategy, expanding our membership across Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and the Pacific islands, and increasing Indigenous engagement. We will also continue to facilitate conferences and contribute to policy discussions that shape the future of restoration ecology in our region.

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

The idea that we can actively repair damaged habitats and restore nature is incredibly inspiring. I’m particularly drawn to the collaborative aspect of projects, where diverse people come together to share knowledge and best practices. Seeing tangible results, such as thriving marine populations and healthier coastal ecosystems, reinforces the meaningful impact we can make on the planet’s future. For example, monitoring efforts have confirmed that at one of the shellfish reefs that I built near Adelaide, we have recorded the highest densities of Australian Flat oyster populations of any reef we have built in Australia to date at 2,436 individuals per m2 after only two years, far exceeding our restoration success benchmarks.

Undertaking ecological monitoring with The Nature Conservancy Australia colleagues at a restoration site in the Gulf St Vincent, South Australia. Photo credit: J. Fitzsimons.

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

In my role at The Nature Conservancy Australia, I lead large-scale ecosystem restoration projects that benefit both people and nature by aiming to improve the state’s fish production, carbon sequestration, and water quality.

A project I am particularly proud of was the restoration of 20 hectares of Australian Flat Oyster reefs at Yorke Peninsula, one of Australia’s most endangered marine ecosystems. This was the first reef of its kind in South Australia and stands as the largest underwater restoration project in the southern hemisphere. Not only did we restore a vital reef ecosystem, but we also created 33 jobs and stimulated long-term economic growth through increased fishing tourism in the region.

Following on from the project's success, in 2021 The Nature Conservancy Australia received $20 million from the Australian Government to restore reefs across 13 locations as part of Australia’s largest marine restoration initiative, Reefbuilder. Our target is to restore reefs in 60 geographic locations across Australia by 2030. Recently, I’ve been passionate about developing new blue carbon projects that are eligible under the new Emissions Reduction Fund initiative to generate carbon credit income to landowners from restoring coastal wetlands.

Showing government partners one of our shellfish reef restoration projects on the Yorke Peninsula. Photo credit: S. Habel.

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in addressing them?

I am particularly excited (and equally nervous) about the opportunities that emerging markets can have in incentivizing the reduction of carbon emissions and the preservation of biodiversity through restoration. These markets have emerged as critical tools in addressing climate change and environmental degradation however, they are not without challenges and criticisms. For instance, the quantification of biodiversity and ecosystem services remains complex and contentious. Unlike carbon, biodiversity is not easily reducible to a single metric, making standardization difficult. The distribution of the Global Biodiversity Standard and other guiding documents is one way SER can continue to play a role in promoting effective and high-quality global biodiversity outcomes for restoration projects.

Scuba-diving on one of my recent shellfish reef restoration sites at Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Photo credit: J. Boord.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

Over the past eight years, I've learned that restoring degraded ecosystems is both achievable and rewarding, which motivates me deeply. However, recreating an entire ecosystem is complex and demands a multidisciplinary team to effectively address the ecological challenges. We often face permitting issues and inconsistent or outdated policies that can complicate large-scale restoration efforts. Yet, with a team of proactive and innovative thinkers, no challenge is insurmountable.

Large restoration projects typically require extensive planning, often taking 1-2 years before any on-ground work begins. There’s still much to learn about ecological restoration, and through project replication, you can build valuable knowledge that informs future initiatives. I strongly encourage practitioners starting new projects to engage with established communities of practice, such as the Australian Coastal Restoration Network, Kelp Forest Alliance, and Seagrass Restoration Network. These networks can provide support and insights that enhance restoration efforts.

Working with a team of volunteers to clean and bag 1,500 tonnes of recycled oyster shells to restore a 20-hectare Shellfish reef on the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. Photo credit: A. Thomas.

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region and how does the SER Australasia Chapter address them?

The Australasian region faces unique ecological restoration challenges due to its diverse ecosystems, a legacy of agriculture, fishing, and mining, and significant climate change impacts like sea-level rise and drought. Australian and its surrounding islands also has the world’s highest rate of mammal extinction, disrupting ecosystem dynamics. While rich in Indigenous knowledge, restoration efforts often prioritize western science, overlooking the benefits of integrating traditional ecological practices.

The SER Australasia Chapter addresses these challenges by promoting the incorporation of Indigenous perspectives in restoration projects. We engage with our members to provide tailored support, share innovative research, and highlight best practices that adapt to climate change. Additionally, we advocate for comprehensive policies aimed at mitigating climate impacts and preserving biodiversity in the region.

Hosting a field trip to one of our shellfish reef restoration sites at the 2018 International Conference on Shellfish Restoration in South Australia. Photo credit: A. Thomas.

What’s something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

In my spare time, I am a children’s book author and scientific illustrator. My debut book Diary of a Marine Biologist, for 6 to 10 year olds, will be published with Walker Books in February 2025. Inspired by the many parents and children who share their dreams of becoming marine biologists, I wrote this book to ignite passion for ocean exploration and the wonders of marine life through the eyes of a marine biologist. I am currently working on a follow-up book, Diary of a Paleontologist, which takes readers on a journey into the world of fossils as they dig through dirt for ancient treasures, rummage through museum drawers filled with bones, and unravel the mysteries of life’s origins. It's an exciting project of mine to inspire the next generation of scientists.

Cover title of my new children’s book Diary of a Marine Biologist due to be released in February 2025. Image credit: Walker Books Australia.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

My name is Marina Best and I am an Indigenous professional who is passionate about ecological restoration! My educational background is within the social sciences, where I built upon my interests on how human society and societal relations impact the world around us. My personal connection with nature blended with this educational foundation, which enabled me to focus my career on advancing and supporting Indigenous-led conservation and ecological sustainability. I have balanced this experience through voluntarily supporting other initiatives, from environmental and health and wellness committees through my Indigenous community, to international conservation-focused committees.

Key to everything that I do is the holistic perspective of nature and people as one and therefore the need for a collective impact approach for people of all backgrounds and cultures to come together to fight the climate crisis and halt and reverse biodiversity loss. In order to achieve success, I emphasize the importance for all persons to have personal (re)connections and relationships with Mother Earth.

Much of my passion in this field stems from my identity as a Michif (Métis) woman. My Métis family originates from the Red River Settlement and I have roots in the historic Métis community of St. Louis, Saskatchewan. Some of my Métis family names include Lépine, McDougall, Lavallée, and Fidler.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

I was inspired to join SER as its mission and vision aligned well with my personal interests and career path. The SER community is what I value most about my membership. I am so grateful to be connected to such a supportive and inspiring restoration community at a global scale. 

So you could say that SER’s purpose drew me in, but its community is what inspires me to stay and enhance my involvement!

Marina out in the field

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

In 2022 and 2023, I had the honour to volunteer my time to support the Scaling Indigenous-led Conservation project through the Conservation Coaches Network’s Community of Practice - Conservation Standards Projects on Indigenous Lands and Waters. This project investigated how Healthy Country Planning blossomed in Australia as a successful planning and engagement tool with Indigenous Peoples and local communities—and how lessons learned can be applied internationally to achieve global conservation goals.

First of all, I cannot speak highly enough about the other individuals who supported this project. I am so honoured to have had the opportunity to collaborate with great minds around the world, who hold such critical knowledge when it comes to Indigenous-led conservation in their regions.

Secondly, seeing the similarities of the challenges and barriers that Indigenous communities are facing around the world when it comes to leading ecological restoration work was very impactful for me. It showcased the gravity of the issues, but it also inspired opportunities for Indigenous Peoples to come together to support and inspire each other.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

One of the most important lessons that I’ve learned from my work (and also my life!) is that relationships are the most crucial element for success. Developing and fostering relationships with Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and stakeholders is a catalyst for projects to meet their goals. Therefore, taking the time and putting in the effort to create real genuine connections with people is so important.

Ecological restoration work provides opportunities for people to connect with nature in a manner that builds respect for it and a relationship with it. Thus, I wholeheartedly believe that successful restoration is only possible through focusing on people.

Marina with other organizing committee members on a site visit in Denver for SER2025

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

Something that excites me the most about ecological restoration is the ability for community involvement. Much of the work in this realm depends on the efforts of communities, including people from all backgrounds and walks of life, such as youth and Elders. Ensuring that project goals align with community goals helps to build sustainability into a project. I have seen so many teaching opportunities blossom from being out on the land and water, and through that learning comes inspiration. Therefore, including community involvement in projects automatically allows for capacity building opportunities to blossom, but also generates future advocacy for ecological restoration work.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

I would encourage students and emerging professionals to not think twice about pursuing a career in ecological restoration. I think a lot of recent innovation in this space comes from young minds, including those who may not have the traditional path to this field - as the interconnectivity of ecological restoration to health, social justice, and economics is intrinsic. Given that everything is connected when it comes to the environment, I find that students and emerging professionals bring value in this space and can add insightful perspectives to the conversation no matter their level of background or experience.

What’s something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

A fun fact about me that not many people know is that I speak a few languages and am incredibly interested in learning about different cultures. For instance, I lived in Germany for many years, speak French and Spanish at home with my husband, spent time volunteering in other countries (like Georgia), and also actively work to maintain proficiency in two of the Michif languages. This is just a small snapshot and I will be forever broadening my language learning journeys and similarly deepening my appreciation of diverse cultural backgrounds.

Marina on one of her family’s annual fishing trips

SER2025 Specific Questions:

What motivated you to take on the role of SER2025 Conference Committee Co-Chair?

My motivation to take on the role of SER2025 Conference Committee Co-Chair came from the positive experience that I had at SER2023 in Darwin, Australia. While in Darwin, I had the privilege and pleasure of connecting with so many great minds around the world who are doing amazing work in the field of ecological restoration. Individuals like KM Reyes, a Conservationist working with local Indigenous Peoples to restore rainforests in Palawan in the Philippines, or Aaron Eger, who is the Program Director for the Kelp Forest Alliance, are just two of the inspiring young professionals who I never would have had the opportunity to connect with otherwise. It was those amazing experiences at SER2023 that inspired me to further volunteer my time to build on the successes and opportunities of the Darwin conference and help make SER2025 the best one yet!

How will SER2025 facilitate networking and collaboration among attendees?

SER2025 hopes to build upon the successes of SER2023 and foster opportunities for people from all different backgrounds and experiences to come together to learn and share. It is the intention of myself and fellow organizing committee members to create an experience where everyone truly feels a part of the SER community and is able to take away knowledge, friendships, and inspiration from their time at the conference.

Marina and her sister, Montana, posing for a photo after both receiving a Mental Wellness and Harm Reduction Sash at a Métis health and wellness gathering

How can members stay updated and get involved in the lead-up to the conference?

Members can stay up-to-date with SER2025 by regularly visiting the SER2025.org website. I also recommend that members regularly check the news page on the SER.org website and read the quarterly SERNews newsletter. If members are interested in getting involved and supporting the lead-up to the conference, they are welcome to reach out via the SER2025.org website!

How can members get the most out of their experience at SER2025? Do you have any tips or advice?

I recommend participating in a wide variety of sessions, including attending some that are outside of one’s area of expertise. At SER2023, I learned so much from participating in sessions that do not necessarily fit within my background or area of expertise. For instance, I remember so much from the Forest Landscape Restoration in Africa Initiative symposium. I found a lot of similarities in the need for Free, Prior, and Informed Consent and fair access to land resources in Africa that I have seen in my life and work with Indigenous Peoples in North America. Venturing outside of my comfort zone and enhancing my understanding of ecological restoration in Africa allowed me to better contextualize challenges and barriers that I see in my own work. So I challenge SER2025 participants to go outside of their comfort zone to truly get the most out of their experience.

What are you most looking forward to at SER2025 and why would you encourage members to attend?

I am really looking forward to continuing to broaden my knowledge and learn from some great minds from around the globe. I am also excited to strengthen the connections that I made at SER2023 and create new friendships with other participants.

I encourage members to attend SER2025 as I know from experience that it will be an exceptionally valuable opportunity to learn, expand one’s network, showcase one’s work, and unite with a community that is passionate about global ecological restoration.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

I’m a research fellow at The University of Queensland, Australia and SER’s Regional Director for the Pacific. My research informs coastal wetland conservation and restoration and I hold an AXA-UNESCO research fellowship investigating how community- and Indigenous-based management can enhance mangrove conservation and restoration. Ecology has always been the heart of my career. Since graduating in Environmental Science majoring in Ecology in Australia, I worked in environmental and ecological consulting in both England and Australia for 12 years. I spent years on the land and sea surveying flora and fauna and threatened species.

Grappling with the impacts of development on biodiversity and the lack of knowledge on the success of restoration, I decided to do a PhD on improving the success of ecological restoration and enhancing outcomes for carbon and biodiversity. I had a particular interest in restoration to improve the health of degraded catchments, including the Great Barrier Reef, and using carbon markets to incentivise restoration. This led me to specialise in coastal wetland restoration.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

I joined SER Australasia as the student and early career professional representative when I was doing my PhD in 2016. I wished to connect with people who share the same passion for the environment, advocate for protection and restoration of native ecosystems, and improve restoration science and practice. As a scientist in restoration ecology, I also wanted to keep grounded in the needs of practitioners.

What do you hope to achieve by serving on SER’s Board of Directors?

I wish to represent restoration professionals from the Pacific, provide advice on coastal wetland restoration practices and policy, promote community- and Indigenous-based management and restoration that benefits local communities, and inform restoration under carbon and biodiversity markets to address the global biodiversity and climate crisis. I would also like to work with both the UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration and the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development to improve restoration outcomes for terrestrial and marine systems.

Enjoying the Ubirr sunset after a day’s fieldwork at Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

I’m SER Australasia’s representative on Australia’s Restoration Decade Alliance, a consortium of Australia’s NGOs involved in large-scale restoration, working together to achieve the goals of the UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration. I am excited to be a restoration ecologist during the UN Decade, where we have an opportunity now and in the coming years to recover our degraded ecosystems and support biodiversity.

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

I recently co-authored Best practice guidelines on mangrove restoration, a partnership between Conservation International, Wetlands International, The University of Queensland, Global Mangrove Alliance and the Blue Carbon Initiative, along with dozens of mangrove scientists from across the world. We held a webinar with SER in February to share best practices to design, fund and implement mangrove restoration projects. Watch it here!

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in addressing them?

We need to stop clearing and start conserving existing native ecosystems alongside restoration efforts. SER addresses this by collaborating with other conservation organisations working on Global Biodiversity Framework targets to restore 30% of degraded ecosystems and conserve 30% of land, water, and seas.

Presenting on biodiversity monitoring in coastal wetland restoration at the Australian Coastal Restoration Network conference

Where do you see opportunities for SER to grow its impact in the field?

A growing opportunity for SER is to provide advice on how to undertake restoration to enhance biodiversity and avoid trade-offs with existing biodiversity. Given Indigenous lands cover around a quarter of the earth’s surface and a third of intact forests, there is also an opportunity for SER to build the capacity of Indigenous people to lead restoration projects.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

Working with Traditional Owners (First Nations people of Australia) has been rewarding. They have a desire to heal and manage sick the land and we should partner with Indigenous people to manage and restore degraded ecosystems that benefit them.

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

Using nature where possible to initiate ecological restoration and achieve more natural outcomes, such as reducing causes of degradation and reinstatement of tidal flows to areas that have connectivity to existing mangroves.

Planting a mangrove propagule in Cartagena, Colombia

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region and how does the chapter address them?

Major challenges for coastal restoration in Australia are high agricultural production and population pressures in the coastal zone and the complex government approval processes in coastal and marine environments. More broadly, there are concerns with attaining nature positive restoration in Australia. Australia’s Restoration Decade Alliance (RDA) held a series of workshops and a symposium in 2023 on the topic ‘Towards a National Restoration Plan’. This achieved a high level of engagement by mainly restoration-aligned participants who agreed on the need for increased national effort towards ecosystem restoration in Australia and identified significant policy gaps to attain nature positive restoration. The issues and solutions are being communicated in a discussion paper.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

Say yes to opportunities that align with your personal values. Be proactive and collaborate with others in your region to make change. Find your passion in ecological restoration, because it’s not work if you enjoy it and there are a range of careers in practice, policy, and science.

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration?

There are some big, pressing targets for restoration across the world. My vision is that those targets achieve net benefits for biodiversity by people doing their best with ecological restoration given the condition of the land and water, even if this requires higher capital. SER can support this through best practice guidelines and policy advice on how to scale-up funding needed for landscape-scale ecological restoration.

Fieldwork birthday at Whitsunday Coast, Queensland, Australia.

What’s something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

I’m into the conservation of insectivorous bats. I have been assessing habitat use and diversity of bats in coastal wetlands including mangrove and swamp forests and saltmarsh. I use acoustic bat recorders to detect and identify bat species by ultrasonic calls. However, in the past I have been lucky enough to trap these cute and wonderful animals.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

Growing up in Sri Lanka, a hotspot for global biodiversity, I’ve always been fascinated by nature. From the time I could walk, I was exploring and playing with animals, which eventually led me to a career in biological sciences and, ultimately, to Stantec. Before joining Stantec, I worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and then a Research Scientist with CSIRO, Australia’s national science agency. I also hold adjunct associate professor and research fellow positions at two top universities in Western Australia, so my background is very research-focused.

In 2021, I decided to join Stantec because I wanted a better work-life balance and the chance to apply my scientific knowledge in real-world environmental management and preservation. Ecological restoration in Australia has mainly focused on plants—recreating past conditions and adapting them for future climates. But we have often overlooked the role of animals in this process. My research has been all about how animals adapt to a changing world, and I’m excited to make a difference in this important but often neglected area.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

I joined SER because our goals are a great match. SER is well-regarded worldwide for its focus on restoring the environment, which really resonates with what I’m passionate about. What I appreciate most about being a member is the chance to connect with others who share similar interests, learn from their experiences, and stay on top of the latest trends in the ecological restoration industry. It’s also a great platform for sharing what I’ve learned and contributing to the field.

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

A lot of my work at Stantec is all about figuring out how animals are coping with changes in their environment. This includes studying how they deal with invasive species, adapt to new ecosystems, bounce back from disasters, and adjust to new homes when they're translocated or relocated. We’re diving into this using innovative tools and technologies, like remote sensing, telemetry, and 3D photogrammetry.

I’m also really into using innovation in wildlife studies, especially in the restoration field. At Stantec, I’ve been working a lot with technology, and I even got a grant to develop a drone program. These aren’t just any drones—they’re thermal drones that can detect cold-blooded animals in their environment. I’m also working with advanced remote camera systems telemetry to track how animals use landscapes; eDNA to identify what animals are around; and 3D photogrammetry to map habitat changes.

Coral restoration 3D photogrammetry mapping.

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

Right now, I'm managing a long-term turtle tagging program to track how turtle populations are doing over time and how human activities, especially around nesting sites, are affecting them. I’m also overseeing a major project at Barrow Island, an A-class nature reserve—Western Australia's highest level of protection. This project focuses on monitoring non-indigenous species on the island and uses innovative methods to spot species introductions. On top of that, I’m involved in several other projects looking into how environmental changes might impact animals. One project looks at how PFAS has made its way into freshwater fish habitats, while another explores using pheromones to attract invasive reptiles. I’m also studying the predators of hatchling turtles and using thermal drones to find animals in disturbed environments.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

In restoration, people often think it's all about replanting vegetation, but there's a lot more to it. Keeping an ecosystem healthy means you also need to think about animals—pollinators, seed dispersers, and other wildlife are crucial. Without these animals, the plants can’t reproduce, and the ecosystem can’t function properly. So, it’s not just about planting trees. Understanding how animals interact with, and help sustain, these ecosystems is key to making sure they thrive.

Then there's the concept of novel ecosystems. Most people assume that animals need pristine, untouched environments to survive, but that's not always the case. Many species are quite adaptable and can live in environments that have been altered by humans. This means that even if the restored environment isn’t exactly like the original one, it can still support wildlife. By studying how animals adapt to these new conditions, we can figure out how to make these environments better for them.

Finally, let’s talk about invasive species. Sometimes, the changes to an environment might be so significant that it makes more sense to adapt to the new reality rather than trying to undo everything. Take Florida, for example—it's dealing with a huge number of invasive species like Burmese pythons. Australia has its own issues with cane toads, cats, and foxes causing major problems. In cases where an invader is beyond meaningful control level, there is a novel approach to find ways to improve co-existence with native species. For example, our work in remote Kimberley outback of Australia is focussing on teaching native predators (freshwater crocodiles in this case) to avoid invasive cane toads via taste aversion learning. This work has shown positive results.

The perentie (Varanus giganteus) a species of monitor lizard eating turtle eggs.

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in addressing them?

One of the biggest challenges for animals is that the pristine habitat for surviving is quickly diminishing, and we have this kind of embedded understanding that animals need a pristine rainforest or undisturbed habitats to live. However, around the world we have seen this is not the case. They are much more adaptable. People are going to disturb environments, but how can we then help those animals to adapt or live in a changed environment?

And within SER, I think this organization has an important role to play not only in executing the work, but in the industry messaging–restoration doesn't mean replacement. Nature is not that helpless. We think that it's so fragile, but it has been in existence much longer than humans. I use this analogy–if nature has existed for 24 hours, humans have only lived for 3 seconds of that. It's not that fragile. It just settles at a different dynamic and understanding that dynamic is what we should be focusing on.

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

I’m really into translocation planning, telemetry, and remote monitoring of animals. When it comes to restoring animal populations, it all starts with planning. Before you bring animals into a new area, you need to make sure the habitat is ready for them. There's no point in introducing a bunch of animals if there isn’t a suitable environment for them to thrive.

Once the habitat is set up, a lot of programs miss out on understanding how animals adapt to their new surroundings. That’s something I’m particularly interested in developing further.

We’ve made great strides with translocations—moving animals to new places instead of just returning them to where they were originally from. Today, we not only think about the current state of the habitat but also how it will evolve in the future. What will it look like in 10 or 50 years?

Mechanistic modeling and tracking technologies have improved a lot. For instance, telemetry and satellite tags have shown us that animals don’t always stick to their new homes when relocated, which was a big revelation. In places like Australia and Asia, where we used to assume relocated crocodiles would stay put, telemetry has given us a clearer picture of what happens.

Remote monitoring has also taken a big leap forward. With advanced cameras, sensors, and recorders, we can now observe animals without disturbing their environment. This helps us understand wildlife behavior in ways we couldn’t before

Drone surveys to locate species in hard to access terrains.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

I always encourage people to follow their passions, and I feel incredibly lucky to have turned my childhood hobby into a career. Not everyone can say that! Since I was a kid, I’ve been catching critters, and now I get paid to do it! If you pursue what you love and give it your all, the rest will fall into place. In the environmental field, it’s essential to go beyond just getting a degree. Many graduates have their diplomas and degrees, but it's the hands-on experience and everything you do outside of formal education that truly counts. Volunteering, internships, extra certifications and technical publications can set you apart in this field. So, focus on your passions, seek out experiences, build your personal brand, and carve your own path.

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration?

My vision for the future of ecological restoration is to see it approached as a holistic package, rather than focusing solely on plant components. Restoration should encompass not just replanting but also the broader picture, including animals, the physical environment, and all the ecosystem functions at play. Instead of just replacing the plants that were there before, I envision a more integrated approach that addresses the full spectrum of ecological needs, creating a balanced and thriving ecosystem.

What’s something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

I have this love for catching things that can kill me. I have had at least three near-death experiences from snake bites or crocodile bites. The most dangerous one would have been from an Indian cobra in 2004. These are snakes that kill approximately 10,000 people per year in Asia. Ironically, it happened while trying to make an anti-venom medicine in Sri Lanka! Luckily, the amount of venom injected was not significant. I was in the hospital for a good three weeks and managed to live to tell the story.

I was like every snake catcher that goes through that period where you want to catch everything you see. But that was my cowboy stage. After meeting my partner and having children, I’ve had to leave that era of my life behind. And thanks to Stantec’s robust health/safety program, I am able to stay safe out in the field while still doing the things I love.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

My name is Brock Bowles, and I am the staff ecologist at the Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining and Safety. My career path has been anything but linear. Early on, I explored a variety of roles, including jet engine mechanic, ranch hand, farmer, carpenter, pilot, firefighter, and even wilderness survival instructor. While these experiences were enriching and allowed me to meet many wonderful people and acquire diverse skills, none of them sparked the kind of passion that would inspire a lifelong commitment.

It was only when I enrolled in college for an environmental studies program that I truly found my calling. I became involved with a local non-profit focused on ecological restoration projects, and I was immediately captivated by the science and the impactful work of restoring degraded landscapes. Within a year, I was designing and leading restoration projects, which fuelled my enthusiasm further. This experience led me to pursue a graduate degree, and I obtained my Master of Science in Rangeland Ecology with a focus on ecological restoration from Colorado State University.

Since graduating, I have been fortunate to apply my knowledge and skills in my current role, where I work to regulate and oversee mine reclamation. The journey from diverse early careers to my current position has been unconventional, but it has uniquely equipped me with a broad perspective and a deep commitment to ecological restoration.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

My decision to join SER was influenced by friends and colleagues who were active members and played key roles in organizing our local SER Rocky Mountains conference. After attending the conference one year, I was genuinely impressed by SER’s approach to ecological restoration. The experience motivated me to join SER and I was able to have it written into my job description to serve on the local SER board.  

What I value most about SER is its commitment to integrating both science and culture in restoration efforts. This perspective was particularly reinforced for me by a Native American teacher I had in college who emphasized that culture is how people interact with their environment. It became clear that while science is essential, understanding and incorporating cultural context is crucial for successful restoration. SER’s dedication to this holistic approach truly resonates with my values and goals.

A team with Brock conducting vegetation sampling in a sagebrush steppe plant community

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

There are two key aspects that excite me the most about ecological restoration. First, there’s a growing consensus on the importance of ecological restoration. It’s encouraging to see that most people I encounter, including many mine operators I work with, genuinely want to restore the degraded lands and ecological systems in their community. They feel a strong sense of social responsibility toward their community and recognize the value of rehabilitating the environment.

Second, I’m inspired by the younger generations coming up behind me. They are incredibly enthusiastic about environmental stewardship. Their active involvement, outspoken advocacy, and innovative ideas bring a fresh energy and optimism to the field.

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in addressing them?

The most pressing ecological restoration challenge, in my view, is getting people to value ecological restoration at a larger scale than that of their own community. While it's encouraging to see people deeply invested in restoring and preserving the ecology of their immediate surroundings, many stop there, limiting their focus to local efforts. This localized passion, though vital, often doesn't extend to regional, national, or global scales, where the impact of ecological restoration can be profoundly amplified.

There seems to be a significant level of skepticism surrounding ecological restoration on these larger scales, which presents a considerable challenge. People question the feasibility, effectiveness, or necessity of restoration efforts beyond their own backyards, making it difficult to garner the broad support needed for global scale projects.

SER is actively addressing this challenge by bringing together a diverse range of stakeholders, including representatives from government agencies, multinational companies, the United Nations, and elected officials. By facilitating conversations between representatives of these larger organizations and local organizations, people can begin to see the value and necessity of larger-scale restoration initiatives.

Brock working with a volunteer group to restore Glacier Creek in Rocky Mountain National Park.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

Obtaining a degree in a science field is a good place to start because it gives a solid foundation in the science you are most interested in, whether it’s ecology, hydrology, engineering, botany, geology, or another related field. However, as your career advances, be open to other possibilities. Ecological restoration is a dynamic field that intersects with various disciplines, such as policy, education, and community planning. You may discover new areas of interest that can enhance your work.

Always remember that ecological restoration is a community project. It's not just about the science; it's about working together with local communities, landowners, and other stakeholders who share a common interest in restoring the ecology of their community. Look for opportunities to partner with someone, whether it’s other professionals in the field, local organizations, or community groups. Collaboration is key to successful restoration projects, as it brings together diverse perspectives and resources that can make a significant impact.

What’s something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

Back in about 1996, I worked for a summer on Ted Turner’s Flying D Ranch in Gallatin Gateway, MT.  My job was to irrigate and cut hay for the buffalo herd.  During that time, I had the unique experience of meeting John Denver as he was walking down a dirt road, fly fishing on Spanish Creek.

Brock stopping for a photo op during a mine inspection.

SER2025 Specific Questions:

What motivated you to take on the role of SER2025 Conference Committee Co-Chair?

My motivation to take on the role of SER2025 Conference Committee Co-Chair stems from my recent experience attending the SER2023 conference in Darwin, Australia. That event was truly inspiring—I had the chance to meet passionate individuals from around the globe who are deeply dedicated to their communities and committed to preserving their environments. Meeting these dedicated professionals and learning about their efforts was incredibly motivating.

Additionally, interacting with the Darwin conference organizers and hearing firsthand about their experiences in hosting such a significant event left a lasting impression on me. I returned from the conference eager to bring that same energy and enthusiasm to Denver. I am excited about the opportunity to showcase what SER Rocky Mountains has achieved and to present Denver, Colorado as a dynamic backdrop for international delegates to share their stories and insights. The chance to contribute to this global dialogue and facilitate meaningful exchanges among practitioners from around the world is what truly motivates me in this role.

How will SER2025 facilitate networking and collaboration among attendees?

We are still in the early stages of planning for SER2025, so we don’t have definite plans yet. However, we are dedicating a lot of resources to ensuring that networking and collaboration are central to the conference experience. We already have in place a Networking Events Committee, a Student and Emerging Professionals Committee, and a Cultural Committee, all working hard to create meaningful opportunities for connection. We will return to a traditional face to face poster session, bring back the Open Doors program providing access to the conference for many that do not have the financial resources to attend, and we will bring back the film festival that began in 2023 as well. There will be many opportunities for networking and collaboration!

My co-chair, Marina Best, and I also share a vision to create opportunities for SER2025 delegates to experience ecological restoration through other mediums such as interactive art, yarning (sharing) circles, and a big party with music and dancing! These initiatives will provide unique and engaging ways for attendees to connect, share ideas, and collaborate on restoration projects.

Christian Miller-Sabbioni (left), Brock Bowles (left center), Marina Best (center), Emily Raso (center right) and Heidi Mippy (right) passing forward the message sticks from the Yarning Circles at SER2023.

How can members stay updated and get involved in the lead-up to the conference?

To stay updated and get involved in the lead-up to the conference, I recommend regularly visiting the SER2025 website at SER2025.org, which was recently launched and is being continually updated with the latest information. You can sign up to be added to the newsletter directly on the conference website. For those interested in contributing to the planning of SER2025, please reach out to us through the SER2025 website. We welcome your involvement in making SER2025 a great experience for everyone.

How can members get the most out of their experience at SER2025? Do you have any tips or advice?

I recommend visiting the SER2025 website often to stay informed about updates and opportunities.  Make sure to take advantage of the field trips we are offering as they are a fantastic way to experience Colorado’s diverse ecosystems firsthand.

Additionally, the conference coincides with elk bugling season at Rocky Mountain National Park and the peak aspen foliage season in the mountains. I highly recommend adding an extra day to your travel plans, either before or after the conference, to fully experience these natural events.

What are you most looking forward to at SER2025 and why would you encourage members to attend?

I am looking forward to the inspiration that each delegate brings with them.  It’s easy to get caught up in the busyness of work and family life, and sometimes I forget to take a step back and appreciate the incredible work we’re all doing.  The conference is a wonderful opportunity to connect with others who are passionate about ecological restoration, gain new insights and knowledge, and be reminded of the broader impact of our efforts which recharges our collective energy and passion for what we do.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

I am a former Research Biologist with the US Federal government (Haleakalā National Park and the US Geological Survey), where I worked for 34 years exploring Hawaiian biota, evaluating impacts from invasive species, and developing ecological restoration approaches for ecosystems of Haleakalā National Park. In the mid-1990s, I founded the Auwahi Forest Restoration Project (www.auwahi.org), bringing together critical stakeholders to attempt one of the first large-scale forest restoration projects on Maui island. Auwahi was one of the first efforts to explore whether damaged native watershed forests could be restored to ecosystem functionality, a topic of growing importance in a changing world. 

I also started two other restoration projects on Maui, the Leeward Haleakalā Watershed Restoration Partnership and Pu’u-o-kali Wiliwili Reserve. Each of the projects I founded was intended to unite multiple entities and agencies in restoration efforts of three highly endangered ecological communities of leeward Maui: diverse dry forest, wiliwili dry forest, and koa forest.

I sometimes tell students this version of my career. I went into the forest to get a little privacy. But then I made a big mistake – I learned the names of most things, scientific and Hawaiian if they had one. There is a saying, ‘the beginning of wisdom is to call things by their correct name’. When you learn the names of the plants and animals of Hawaiian forests, there is a sad subscript. You learn the species are like God’s cornucopia – they come in all shapes and sizes, some this, some that, some beyond belief, but they all have one thing in common – they’re in trouble. You know when you first start walking through forests or swimming in the ocean, before you really know anything about the place, you’re free - everything is beautiful. But with knowledge, inevitably, comes responsibilities, what Hawaiians call kuleana. From the moment when you understand that the residents of an area you love are in grave danger, that their lives and the very survival of their species are threatened, it’s not as easy to view those places as paradise. In many ways, if you have a heart, you are no longer noa (free), you now have kuleana.

Produced as a collaboration with gifted Australian animator Jilli Rose, the 19 minute animation Ola Ka Honua, translating literally to ‘Earth lives’, addresses deforestation globally, in Hawai’i, as well as one community’s involvement in bringing back the last relict fragments of a native forest type back to life on Maui island. Hope for the future.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

I joined SER in an attempt to find people making similar efforts in other lands – to learn from them, to gain inspiration, and to witness more case examples. I had come primarily from an academic background and felt as stimulating as academic explorations were, they often fell short of my own aspirations. I felt science and ecological restoration should begin to forge their disciplines together and work cooperatively to hone efforts to protect/restore/rehabilitate the world’s natural systems.

Dr. Art Medeiros (center, left) with community volunteers surrounding a recently planted alani, Melicope adscendens. This species was formerly thought extinct and is now known to be restricted to about 30-40 individuals over a few miles of habitat remaining on southwest Haleakalā volcano.

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

Humans have come to the end of wild places as they were. We are at the edge of a great new frontier. As Geoff Park has said, in this situation, aren’t we the real explorers of the human race? Aren’t we the ones embarking on a journey into the unknown to explore ways to create durable, resilient, ecologically-stable, long-term homes in places without ruining them? If we are successful, our need to go find another planet to live on, where presumably, our table manners will be better, may not be as dire.

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

The thing I am most enthralled with is the response of everyday people to actually participating in ecological restoration activities at Auwahi. When guided so their hands do the work that is actually needed, and they see the results of that action – a glow comes in their eyes. From that point forward, many become members of that part of society that believe that hope is not lost if you get up and do something about it.

Drone view of three Auwahi fenced forest restoration areas, ca. 1,100-1,220 m (3,600-4,000 ft) elevation. Driven by fire and invasive species, diverse dry forest has been reduced on leeward Haleakalā volcano to 1-2% of former extents, transformed to pasture dominated by kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus). Auwahi forest restoration areas, shown here, range from 4-9 ha (10-23 acres) and are between 12-27 years since initiation, southwest Haleakalā volcano, Maui island, Hawai’i. After 15 years of forest restoration at Auwahi, the cover of native species increased dramatically from 10% to 98%, while cover of non-native species plummeted from 87% to 2% (https://www.auwahi.org/new-page-1).

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in addressing them?

Climate change and the way political animosities have created rifts in even crucial management of natural systems are major stumbling blocks for long-term ecological restoration. Addressing climate change to some extent requires making adaptations, even concessions, in goal setting. By utilizing international expertise, SER can give global context to local issues, assisting stakeholders in navigating complicated situations and difficult choices. Though powerful political issues are often resistant to change, it is core for professionals in natural area management to recognize that we are all stakeholders in the process of determining next steps, and just as a rising tide lifts all boats, a healthy planet benefits everyone.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

There is a saying ‘If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.’ I have found this to be very true in ecological restoration. I was once advised that education of the community as a whole creates a durable process. Knowing something is endangered is one thing, but heroic actions involving one or a few people can be lost quickly into the bin of history with little to even document that an effort was made. If the community is made aware of, and begins to embrace an issue, then restoration project survival and progress is not dependent on just one or few people - it has a life of its own, perpetuating itself across generations

Forest restoration/pasture interface, Auwahi forest restoration area II, 9 ha (23 acres), 19 years in progress, ca. 1,100 m (3,600 ft) elevation, southwest Haleakalā volcano, Maui island, Hawai’i.

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region and how does the chapter address them?

One of the most important parts of my work, at least to me, is anything I can do to help nurture the connection between Hawaiian places and people of Hawaiian ancestry, kanaka maoli. The Hawaiian culture evolved intertwined with the unique, endemic biota of the archipelago. The indigenous cosmology considers many species as kinolau, that is, body forms of deities. As a result, a call to defense for certain native species or a cherished native place, musters people, both kanaka maoli and those who now call Hawai’i home. The will to protect the islands still lives in people. As a result, though many natural places have been lost in Hawai’i, I still believe there is capacity within the people of the islands to become leaders in what can be done with damaged lands that resets their trajectories for future generations. As such, social aspects of ecological restoration that SER is pioneering have great potential for relevance in Hawai’i.

Left: Aerial view from above the first Auwahi forest restoration area, 4 ha (10 acres), initiated 27 years ago, looking downslope towards the second Auwahi forest restoration area, 9 ha (23 acres) and down to the coastline of southwest Haleakalā volcano, Maui island, Hawai’i. Middle: Auwahi forest restoration area II, 9 ha (23 acres), 19 years in progress, 1,100 m (3,600 ft) elevation, southwest Haleakalā volcano, Maui island, Hawai’i. Right: Auwahi forest restoration area III, 9 ha (23 acres), 12 years in progress, 1,160 m (3,800 ft) elevation, southwest Haleakalā volcano, Maui island, Hawai’i.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

Ecological restoration is in such a rapid stage of evolution that advice for incoming professionals is also changing rapidly. The role of academics in the discipline of ecological restoration has not been sorted out. Despite that shifting stage, I would recommend starting with a more traditional base in academic biological sciences. Another thing I definitely would recommend is to try and become as familiar as possible with the biota of the regions you intend to work in. In many ways, I view ecological restoration as being familiar enough with the native and non-native species of the region, as well as their likely responses and interactions in differing ecological situations, to strategically use them to forward forest restoration.

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration?

I think many scientists still look down their noses a bit at ecological restoration. They’re not sure whether practitioners are re-establishing successional trajectories or just gardening, or as one colleague once remarked, ‘creating botanical gardens in hard to get to places.' It is my hope that in our global crisis, science is forced to evolve to be a more active partner in ecological restoration, documenting impacts and benefits, and ultimately guiding future efforts. In this integration, I believe, science can rise from the ranks of the untrusted to gain new relevance in society – as problem solver, synthesizer, interpreter, postulator, critic, and ultimately essential partner in ecological restoration efforts.

As native ecosystems fade, it seems natural to me that in the discipline, there will be an almost inevitable shift from restoration-focus to rehabilitation-focus. As large-scale wild places cease to exist, it seems ecological restoration will be bifurcated into first attempts to preserve what is left of wild nature, as well as, what are fundamentally ecosystem repair services that ecological rehabilitation potentially offers. When natural systems are damaged and critical natural capital benefits are lost or compromised, it is very likely there will be well-funded, large-scale efforts focused on mitigation and attempted system and benefits recovery.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

I’m a Ph.D. student in Dr. Cara Nelson’s Restoration Ecology lab at the University of Montana. My research interests span from ecological monitoring, and restorative silvicultural treatments, to the ecology of subalpine forests from the Andes of Chile to the Rocky Mountains of western North America. 

Since the beginning of my graduate school journey, I've been an active member of multiple international scientific organizations working on outreach and networking positions. Among them, I have served in multiple advising positions for the Society for Ecological Restoration (2018-2024), and also served as the Student Liaison and Student Representative (for Chile) with the Latin American Chapter of the Ecological Society of America (2018-2019), and as Webinar Organizer (2022-24) for the Whitebark Pine Ecosystem Foundation. 

My service with the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) has involved different advisory positions since 2018, participating in multiple activities organized by SER Student Associations as well as regional meetings. In 2020, I was invited to serve as moderator and tester of the first SER online member community and member of the recently formed SER Students & Emerging Professionals Committee (SEPC) where I've served as Vice-chair for the 2021-22 and Co-Chair for the 2023-24 period. Currently, I am working with the SEPC to improve the ways students and emerging professionals can engage with, support, and enhance the value of the SER community and their future careers.

My current research and civic engagement activities are directed to the contribution of scientific-based evidence for the conservation and restoration of Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis) and help build supportive communities for students and emerging professionals developing careers in ecological restoration.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

What attracted me to SER was its role as a centralized organization that serves and guides the practice of restoration around the world, while providing multiple opportunities for continuing education, certification, and networking. As a member of SER, I have witnessed how initiatives like the Students & Emerging Professionals Committee can foster the careers of many emerging professionals who stand by the mission of our organization. Even during the hardships that the pandemic brought us, SER and the SEPC have been capable of maintaining connectivity across the globe with multiple volunteers eager to become active members of our community

How do you plan to use your skills and/or experience to strengthen SER?

As a long-term member of the SEP Committee, I have a strong commitment to support and develop initiatives that can foster our demographic into successful careers in restoration while serving as a bridge to our board and partner committees' goals and needs. SER has recognized us as a vital component in promoting the science and practice of ecological restoration, and for this reason, serving as a SER Board member would allow me to best lead the interests and needs of the SEP Committee to take part in decisions involving the strategic direction and priorities of the organization. This input in the development of SER is critical for our demographic, given that the current needs of students and emerging professionals within SER and across the field will be the base for advancing ecological restoration science, practice, and policy at local, regional, and global levels.

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

Two main elements make ecological restoration the best environment to build a career in ecological sciences: the transdisciplinary nature of our field, where the inclusion of a social component is key for the long-term success of restoration projects; and the strong feedback between the ecological theory behind restoration and the lessons learned in its application. Ecological restoration is the perfect platform to test ecological theory and the opportunity to witness processes previously unknown.

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

During my graduate studies, I got involved in a long-term restoration project where we were trying to understand the response of whitebark pine (P. albicaulis) to silvicultural treatments and prescribed burning. An endeavor of utmost importance, especially given that whitebark pine has been recently listed under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). What we learned from over 15 years of monitoring has helped us better understand the species recovery dynamics and identify factors that can improve treatment planning, monitoring, and restoration success. Currently, a recovery team is supporting the development of a recovery plan for Whitebark, as required by the ESA, that will include silvicultural treatments among other strategies. In this context, this summer I will be part of a team that will use a hybrid vegetation & bird habitat use protocol to improve our understanding of restoration treatments and wildlife impacts on whitebark pine recovery by integrating Clark’s nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), the primer whitebark pine seed disperser, habitat use and selection using passive acoustic monitoring.

 

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in addressing them?

The greatest opportunity we have is having a centralized organization that serves the practice of restoration around the world, develops and shares guidelines that can easily translate to every restoration scenario, and brings the opportunity to locally (and globally) organize instances of networking where practitioners and researchers can support each other. These efforts have slowly but surely helped bridge the gap between ecological science and practice, yet we still need to continue providing educational opportunities, institutional certification, and building platforms for upcoming restoration professionals to get involved with established practitioners.

Where do you see opportunities for SER to grow its impact in the field?

Our organization has distinguished itself in the field for many reasons, but among the most important are making continuing education a priority and creating literature that bridges the gap between ecological science and practice in an accessible way. I see an opportunity in keeping this accessibility updated to current knowledge, even more so considering the fast pace of growth that restoration has experienced in the last decade. In addition to branching out to more languages, that would take it even further. Similarly, SER has played a crucial role in the development of new curriculum and programs focused on restoration at higher education institutions, which brings a new opportunity to build a platform that eases the transition from their education to our restoration workforce. Whether this comes in the shape of mapping working opportunities with partner organizations or offering more support and guidance to our existing Student Association

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

Regardless of your background, I believe the most effective way to become an asset to your restoration community is to reach out, become visible, and actively participate in meetings and events. Professionals in our field are always looking for peers eager to make this land a better place and help guide the next generation of nature steward.

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

I believe that a good balance between quality information on the site's historical and current use (Principle 2), an adequate selection of the reference ecosystem (Principle 3), a sound understanding of potential recovery trajectories, drawbacks, and how to effectively measure them (Principle 5) are key elements to support long-term success in restoration. My research on the long-term effects and efficacy of silvicultural treatments for the restoration of whitebark pine (P. albicaulis) confirmed it, where consistent monitoring of control and treated conditions for over 15 years allowed us to understand in higher detail our capacity to achieve lasting goals and identify underlying factors influencing recovery.

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region and how does the chapter address them?

Western Montana (USA) is a unique place for our discipline considering our high number of NGOs working on conservation and restoration initiatives relative to our population density, which translates into multiple work opportunities for students and emerging professionals considering a career in restoration. Nonetheless, our main challenge is the lack of a platform where students can get informed of these opportunities in a more accessible way, a challenge that our SEP Committee will address in the coming years.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

To consider becoming a member of our growing community and participate in the multiple instances of networking offered by SER around the globe. Our Student Associations, Regional Chapters, and Thematic Sections are the best way to get involved with how restoration is taking place where you live, as well as being a supportive platform where to get familiarized with other practitioners, researchers, and students.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

My name is Patricia, and I am a passionate ecologist specializing in ecological restoration. My journey in this field began in 1996 when I had the opportunity to receive a full scholarship to complete my doctoral thesis in Ecology. Over the years, I have been involved in various restoration projects, gaining practical experience and contributing to the conservation of diverse ecosystems. Recently, in 2024, I successfully defended my thesis for a second doctorate in Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation.

Celebrating 25 years at the Charles Darwin Foundation, I have evolved from being a taxonomic botanist to leading ecosystem restoration efforts in the Galápagos Islands. My early botanical work, initiated during my doctoral thesis in the Galápagos Islands, laid the groundwork for significant conservation efforts in the Archipelago. One of the most notable milestones in my career was the creation of the "Galápagos Verde 2050" project, under my direction since 2013, which transformed into the GV2050 program in 2021. This program includes 7 research projects with over 114 study sites, enhancing our understanding of ecological restoration in the archipelago.

My career has been characterized by scientific excellence and inspirational mentorship. I have guided numerous young scientists, demonstrating resilience and determination as an Ecuadorian woman in a challenging field. From my beginnings as a botanist to my prominent role as a conservationist, I embody the spirit of innovation and dedication, inspiring others to lead by example.

Furthermore, I have been recognized as an Ecuadorian woman inspiring girls in science and as part of a select group of powerful women changing the world. I am the creator of Ecuador's first pollen and seed collection (palynotheca and carpoteca), and I have led natural history collections in various projects with interactions between plants and animals in the Galápagos Islands. I am the author of several books and scientific papers for both national and international audiences

Searching for Scalesia retroflexa on Santa Cruz Island, I found myself trapped in a mangrove forest. 

My contribution to ecological restoration was honored at the Latin America Green Awards, and my prominent role led me to become the distinguished woman in science awarded by DirectTV, highlighting the Galápagos Verde 2050 Project. I am a living testament to dedication, innovation, and leadership in science and conservation.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

My motivation to join SER lies in the organization's commitment to advancing global ecological restoration practices. I value the diverse community of professionals that SER brings together, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange. Being part of SER has provided me with valuable networking opportunities and a platform to stay updated on the latest advancements in the field. It is a privilege to be part of this important ecological restoration society, benefiting not only my professional development but also being appreciated by my team.

Keynote lecture on the transformative impact of the GV2050 Project, shortly before receiving the award for the Most Inspiring Ecological Restoration Project at the Green Latin America Awards.

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

What excites me most about ecological restoration is the tangible impact it has on the environment. Witnessing ecosystems recover and flourish due to our interventions is incredibly rewarding. The prospect of being an active participant in the renewal and regeneration of our planet fuels my enthusiasm. Moreover, it is highly fulfilling to mentor a young team that loves what they do, ensuring that future generations continue the legacy, alongside dedicated care and effort, as ecological restoration is a time-consuming process with results visualized in the long term

First Photo: Completely happy after spending a week camping on Española Island, sharing unforgettable experiences with the park rangers. Second Photo: Field and research team of the Galápagos Verde 2050 Program from the Charles Darwin Foundation.

Working on Floreana Island alongside the GV2050 team and park rangers. 

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

A project of which I am particularly proud is the ecological restoration in remote and populated islands through the Galápagos Verde 2050 Program. Another exciting project is having worked for over 25 years with endangered species, being part of the IUCN specialist group for the Galápagos Islands. Integrating this into a larger project to recover and prevent their extinction on the islands is a significant achievement. All of this, combined with community participation and sustainable practices, has transformed a degraded landscape into a thriving habitat for native flora and fauna. This project not only restored biodiversity but also created a space for environmental education and community enjoyment, emphasizing the importance of sharing knowledge and empowering future generations.

First Photo: Explaining to the community's children the dangers of invasive species and motivating them to plant endemic plants in their gardens. Second Photo: Working together on comprehensive surveys and evaluation of the flora and fauna on Baltra and North Seymour Islands, in collaboration with the Galápagos National Park Directorate and Galapagos Conservancy..

Working on several permanent plots to evaluate the main woody species on North Seymour Island and taking a break for lunch time.

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in addressing them?

The most pressing challenge in ecological restoration today is the urgent need for large-scale and coordinated efforts to combat biodiversity loss and habitat degradation. SER plays a crucial role in advocating for policy changes, facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration, and promoting best practices worldwide. A significant challenge we face at SER and in all long-term ecological restoration projects is the lack of funding, especially for nonprofit institutions that do not receive state funding. Seeking funds for long-term projects is essential and poses a significant challenge.

First Photo: Relaxing after work with my great friend, Charles Darwin. A well-deserved moment of rest. Second Photo: Very focused on carefully stepping on the volcanic rocks of Española Island as I climbed to one of the study sites..

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

A key lesson I have learned is the importance of community involvement. Engaging local communities fosters a sense of responsibility and ensures the long-term success of restoration projects. Collaboration, adaptability, and a holistic approach are essential for achieving sustainable results. An important phrase is always knowing what we want to conserve; therefore, involving local communities in every scientific and ecological restoration project is crucial, becoming a catalyst and example for the entire world.

Collecting botanical samples alongside my great friend and park ranger, Jefreys Malaga, who was recognized as the best park ranger of the year. Jefreys is an exceptional guide, scientist, and distinguished botanist.

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

I find the principle of adaptive management particularly fascinating. Embracing flexibility and learning from both successes and setbacks allows for continuous improvement. Applying adaptive management has proven effective in navigating the complexities of ecological restoration. Every practice or principle is adaptable to the reality of each region. Adapting ecological restoration principles to volcanic islands, for example, has been a real challenge, often seeming impossible, but with the effort and dedication of a committed team, it is possible.

The thrill of discovering seeds from unique species that are endangered worldwide is indescribable. After a decade of the species' absence, I had the privilege of finding seeds of Lecocarpus lecocarpoides at Playa Manzanillo on Española Island. This find is not only exciting but also a beacon of hope for the species' conservation.

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region and how does the chapter address them?

In the Galápagos Islands, we face several significant problems such as water scarcity, land use, and invasive species. Water scarcity is a significant challenge for restoration efforts. For this reason, we have created the "Galápagos Verde 2050" Ecological Restoration Program, where water-saving technologies are used for experimental treatments and study sites mainly impacted by humans and invasive species. Part of the work also involves the removal of invasive species, contributing significantly to their control. Our regional chapter, SER Iberoamerica and the Caribbean, addresses this, promoting water-efficient restoration techniques, participating in advocating for sustainable water management policies, and collaborating with experts to find region-specific solutions, in addition to recovering threatened species.

Working alongside an exceptional team composed of park rangers, botanists, and entomologists, we are united in our efforts to conserve and study endangered species on remote islands.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

My advice is to seek diverse experiences, be open to learning from various disciplines, and actively participate in the restoration community. Networking and mentorship are invaluable for professional growth. Never hesitate to contribute your unique perspective and ideas to the field. Working on ecological restoration projects involves a significant amount of fieldwork, laboratory work, and office work. Therefore, balancing time and dedication to field and laboratory work is crucial to understanding the reality of what we are doing, facilitating data analysis, and scientific document writing. Simply put, working in what you love will never be a sacrifice but rather a daily dedicated satisfaction. Personally, I feel fortunate to receive a monthly salary for doing what I love, and that is truly an inexplicable sensation.

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration?

I envision a future where ecological restoration is fundamental to global sustainability efforts. A future where communities worldwide actively participate in the restoration and protection of ecosystems, creating a harmonious balance between human activities and the natural environment. My vision for the future goes beyond 2050.

First Photo: The journey towards the recovery of endangered plants continues, focusing on implementing effective conservation measures to prevent their extinction and preserve the unique Galápagos Islands archipelago. Second Photo: Working with the park rangers of the Galapagos National Park is a privilege, allowing us to share and preserve the uniqueness of this ecosystem.

What’s something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

One of my great passions is cycling around the island, allowing nature to become an integral part of my journey. More than just a hobby, cycling serves as a constant source of inspiration for my work. Observing plants, birds, and the entire natural richness along the way not only strengthens my connection with the islands but also reinforces the deep connection to the place where my children have grown up.

Every pedal stroke is an affirmation of why I chose to live in the islands, especially in the environment that has witnessed my family's growth. Cycling gives me the feeling of following in Darwin's footsteps every day, reaffirming a fundamental truth: half of my life has unfolded in the best possible scenarios, solidifying my conviction that Galápagos is an unparalleled place.

Usnea patriciana

Description: Usnea patriciana is an endemic lichen of the Galapagos Islands, belonging to the Parmeliaceae family. It is characterized by cylindrical branches with tubercles and well-defined circular soralia.
Ecology: Grows in exposed areas of humid and transitional zones in the Galapagos.
Distinction: Recognizable by its black base and soralia that mature to almost capitate.
Scientific Relevance: Named in honor of Patricia Jaramillo Díaz, a prominent botanist in the research and conservation of the Galapagos ecosystem.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

My name is Jackie Fouse, and I followed a perhaps atypical path to find myself in the field of ecological restoration. After a 40-year career in the corporate world, with most of it spent in the pharmaceutical industry and over half in C-Suite positions, in 2017 I decided it was time for something different and I went back to school to pursue a master’s in environmental management (I already had undergraduate and master’s degrees in economics and a PhD in finance). I graduated from that program in 2019 from the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies.

Along the way, I needed to complete a capstone project to satisfy the degree requirements, and in 2018 I became involved in the Herring River Restoration Project in Wellfleet, Massachusetts on Cape Cod where I live. The Herring River Estuary encompasses 1,100 acres of river and salt marsh that is currently in a degraded state due to a dike severely restricting natural tidal flows in and out the mouth of the river. The restoration project is currently being implemented following decades of work by the project team. I helped the project team with some research (studying invasive vegetation in the river estuary) and have stayed involved.

I also became involved with a small but mighty 15-year-old non-profit in Wellfleet, Friends of Herring River (FHR), one of the founding project partners. I serve on the board of FHR and am the Treasurer and also chair the finance committee. FHR is in the process of increasing its network of relationships with restoration professionals and I am proud to say that FHR recently joined SER! I recently started another master’s degree in wildlife forensics and conservation because I love the field so much! 

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

Starting in 2017 I became familiar with the journal Restoration Ecology and used it often as a reference resource in my studies. At some point I realized it was affiliated with SER and I started to look into what SER is about. After completing my research project, along with the project team we decided to try to publish our findings, and I began to look for a journal that would be a good fit for our article. I decided Restoration Ecology would be a great fit, and while I shepherded our article through the peer review process I decided to join SER as a lifetime member in 2022. Our article was published in March of that year in Restoration Ecology.

I value the breadth and depth of resources SER provides to the restoration community and having access to those resources as a member. I also admire that SER maintains its roots in the science of restoration while also making information accessible to a wide variety of audiences, from laypeople to practitioners to researchers and academicians. I also just recently joined the SER Northeast Chapter Board of Directors and look forward to contributing to the great work of the chapter and interacting with restoration professionals in the northeast.

Jackie, on the right, and a friend starting at the mouth of the Herring River, heading upstream of the dike toward the freshwater ponds to observe the condition of the river

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

I believe we can only address the planet’s environmental challenges by changing things one ecosystem at a time. This means that ecological restoration projects can be pursued by just about anyone, anywhere and they can incorporate good science as well as involve the communities where the ecosystems are located and thus be inclusive ways for all of us to contribute to making our planet better and combating climate change. It’s a really concrete way to get all of us involved in environmental matters. Plus the science behind restoration has evolved a lot, so now we actually know more about what we are trying to do and how to achieve good results!

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

Without question it’s the Herring River Restoration Project (HRRP) and the Friends of Herring River organization (www.herringriver.org). This project aims to restore an important river and its 1,100 acres of currently degraded salt marsh following 115 years of damage inflicted by a dike structure at the mouth of the river that significantly impedes natural tidal flows. This is currently the largest river restoration project underway in the northeastern region of the United States. We are in the process of implementing the construction necessary to remove the dike and replace it with what will eventually be a bridge with free-flowing water.

This is the culmination of decades of scientific research and partnership building to get funding for the project (provided by the Massachusetts Division of Ecological Restoration, the National Resource Conservation Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), as well as contributions and support from all relevant parties, including the National Park Service Cape Cod National Seashore, the towns of Wellfleet and Truro, MA, local community members and many others. The Herring River originates in a group of small freshwater ponds and runs approximately 6 miles to Wellfleet Harbor which flows into Cape Cod Bay and ultimately to the Gulf of Maine, so this restoration will benefit the region in multiple ways. As a founding project partner, FHR has played a critical role in communication, community outreach, advocacy, grants and contracts management and documenting the experiences and lessons learned of the project with a view to sharing those with other restoration professionals.

This restoration will restore biodiversity to the system, will reestablish salt marsh and favorably impact net greenhouse gas emissions, will improve water quality in the river, will improve coastal resiliency, and will provide other enhanced ecosystem services to the community, both economically (fish and shellfish harvesting, for example) and aesthetically (improved recreational activities). This project is a superb example of commitment and dedication from the partners and team members. It required tremendous collaboration over the years to achieve the common goal of restoring this river to its natural state.

Signage at the groundbreaking event in March of 2023 for the start of construction to remove the dike from the mouth of the Herring River

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in addressing them?

I think it is getting each and every human being, as well as private and public organizations at all levels, to understand that we can each make a difference, but we have to put the time, effort, and money into doing so. The HRRP is a great example of that. As I mentioned earlier, we are only going to change the world one ecosystem at a time - through protection, conservation, restoration – and each individual really can help. SER can play a huge role through the pursuit of science, education, and support of community-based projects. SER can also help connect the community of restoration enthusiasts and professionals so we can learn from each other and accelerate our efforts. Continuing to make SER accessible to anyone interested in restoration is a key.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

It takes collaboration across all the parties impacted by or interested in a given restoration project. Getting everyone on board takes time, but the investment is critical to each project’s ultimate success. We also need great science behind the decisions we make so we can ensure that we achieve outcomes that will actually benefit the planet. Then we need to effectively communicate with all parties to help educate them on why we should spend the money and time to pursue these sorts of projects. We should be able to convey the benefits to the average layperson in the community as well as to municipal, state, and federal agencies, scientists, potential donors, etc.

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

In the context of the HRRP I think the team did two things that are particularly important and perhaps unique. One was to get all the relevant parties to sign a Memorandum of Understanding that laid out how things would work as the project progressed. This agreement provides for good governance and decision-making practices for the project and is a key component for multi-party, adaptive management situations. This was done once there was enough information available to support the fact that the project was worth taking to the implementation stage. This gave everyone some reassurances as to how we would all work together to address issues along the way. For that reason, despite some predictable challenges – and there will always be some challenges with a project like this – the parties have sorted things out along the way and here we are about to take the dike down! The second was to employ a robust Adaptive Management Plan in the design of the restoration implementation. This is critical to ensuring that as the actual restoration begins and tidal flows start to be restored, that we have a framework within which to handle monitoring of outcomes and adapting as needed. AMPs have become a best practice in restoration, and we are very pleased that this component was included in the project planning and design over the years.

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region and how does the chapter address them?

Coastal communities like Cape Cod are particularly susceptible to certain aspects of climate change, including rising sea levels, rising sea water temperatures, degradation of water quality, erosion, loss of biodiversity and others. These are all issues for coastal areas around the world. There are also opportunities to address these, as we see from projects underway across the U.S. and the globe, and SER is educating on those with respect to the science and also sharing examples from successful restoration and conservation projects.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

Well, being somewhat new to the field, the best advice I can offer is to find the particular area within ecological restoration that you are passionate about and find ways to already start to get involved so you can decide which aspects interest you the most and how you can make the most valuable contribution. Also, be realistic about the fact that this is really hard work, but it is highly rewarding, and the world needs you!

Can you share your vision for the future of ecological restoration?

I was thinking the other day about the concept of food webs and how we have evolved how we think about those in terms of moving away from the more simplistic concept of food chains to incorporate the interrelatedness of species and ecosystems and think about them more as webs.

I would love for us to think about ecological restoration in terms of “ecosystem webs”. We could then start to show how even within one system there are many aspects that are interrelated (like a river plus its riparian zones plus the body of water it feeds into, etc.) and that as we move from the micro level through to larger scales we can also show that ecosystems are related to each other from local to regional to national to global levels. I think there can be some fascinating science that evolves from this, there already is some, and we could help people see that we must address one ecosystem at a time, and each locale can find ways to do that, and then that in doing so we can connect them all in a global web and benefit the entire planet. Wouldn’t that be exciting?

What’s something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

With my 92-year-old mother, we own a goat farm in East Texas, and we raise pedigreed goats that typically end up becoming stock for other people to use to establish their own good-quality herds or show goats (for other people, we don’t do the showing). Of course, a few end up as pets! It’s fun and a great way to keep my mom young and all of us active!

Jackie on the goat farm

One never knows where inspiration can find us, but for Linnea Spears-Lebrun, it came from an icy voyage to the extremities of the Earth. 

A senior restoration ecologist at SWCA Environmental Consultants based out of Durango, Colorado, Linnea is unwavering in her mission to enhance our planet. Her 18 years in ecological restoration have brought her throughout the United States to breathe life into degraded landscapes and revive nature’s grandeur. 

A group of 109 depart on the Homeward Bound Island Sky voyage. Photo credit Uriel Sokolowicza.

While Linnea’s restoration endeavors have been gratifying, her perspective underwent a profound transformation as she sailed throughout Antarctica with over a hundred women and non-binary leaders this past November. For more than two weeks, the group aboard the Island Sky Voyage by Homeward Bound explored the vast frozen expanse, taking in the world’s last pristine wilderness while confronting how its ecosystem is changing due to global warming. Everyone returned with newfound empowerment, sharing a vision to leverage their leadership strengths for environmental improvements at a global level.

 

Linnea on her Homeward Bound Island Sky voyage in Antarctica.

The climate crisis presents one of the most pressing challenges, and yet, a far-reaching opportunity for ecological restoration practitioners, according to Linnea. Drought, fire, and other extreme weather conditions pose threats to a restoration site's success. At the same time, ecological restoration is a vital tool against climate change because healthy ecosystems absorb carbon and are more resilient to varying conditions and natural disasters.

Bringing this insight back to her role at SWCA, Linnea identified exactly where she’d like to position her career looking ahead: using ecological restoration to offset carbon emissions.

Since her return from Antarctica, Linnea felt a drive to hone her skills as a collaborative and inclusive leader in the ecological restoration space. She has already connected with SWCA’s sustainability and management consulting group, who works with companies to assess their carbon footprint and identify the financial benefits of reducing emissions or switching energy sources. Companies can only do so much to decrease their emissions, which is where ecological restoration can come in to offset the rest and help the company reach net zero emissions. Linnea is eager to provide nature-based solutions such as ecological restoration to assist clients in achieving net zero emissions. 

As Linnea forges her new path in ecological restoration and sustainability and management consulting, she remains engaged in diverse projects across the country.

The bog from the wetland mitigation project before being relocated.

In a recent bold move, she and the SWCA restoration team orchestrated the relocation of a small bog in Utah. The bog was in the development project footprint and slated for impact so moving it gave it a  new lease on life. After Linnea and the SWCA restoration team identified an area of the site with similar hydrology, a front loader scooped up the bog piece by piece, and then a backhoe carefully maneuvered it into place. Showing the resilience of ecosystems, the bog endured the process and will receive future protection as a designated mitigation site. Linnea notes that bogs sequester carbon by maintaining a wet, anaerobic environment that prevents decomposing plants from releasing carbon back into the air, making her especially proud that the bog survived. 

Left photo: Restoration ecologists worked with a construction contractor to scoop up the bog using a front loader. Right photo: A backhoe carefully placed the sod from the bog in its new location.

Drawing inspiration from both local experiences and her remarkable voyage to Antarctica, Linnea’s journey suggests that she’s only at the tip of the iceberg with what she can accomplish by using ecological restoration to combat the climate crisis.

Could you introduce yourself and tell us more about your background and your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

I am a licensed civil engineer with a Master of Engineering in Water Resources. I started off in the world of ecological restoration working as an intern in college for a research group out of the University of Louisville under Art Parola doing stream restoration work (mostly data collection and processing). Once I graduated it dawned on me at how much I liked the physicality of the field work and the process in the work that I wanted to do more of it. As a result, I moved to New Jersey in 2012, where I have gained a range of experience working on freshwater and coastal marsh restoration, more stream restoration, and some living shoreline restoration.

I have increasingly grown in my role at a somewhat exponential rate, moving from the early levels of field work and design to overseeing large teams in full delivery of design, permitting, and execution for ecological restoration along the east coast. Over the last decade I have been involved in over 10 miles of stream restoration and well over 1,000 acres of wetlands restoration with additional forest and coastal grassland habitats mixed in, as well as dam removals. A large amount of this I have seen executed from the baseline, with my own designs, through to post construction monitoring that has shown great success in the initial years after construction. 

What about ecological restoration excites you the most?

At this point in my life, it excites me that I am able to give something back to the world and our future. Ecological restoration is critical for our future generations survival and I want my kids to be able to grow and have their own families without the threats to the environment we are trying to combat right now.

What inspired you to join SER, and what do you value most about your membership?

This was a team decision at former Louis Berger (now WSP). We were a strong team of ecological restoration practitioners (before certification) that had been doing the work for decades. It was natural for us to want to be a part of the organization leading the knowledge transfer of ecological restoration practices to gain additional experience and share our own. I specifically value this knowledge transfer as this is a unique practice with lessons learned from each individual project site. You never know when one practice will work wonderfully at one site and terribly at another.

Matt installing tidal water monitoring gauges.

What were your main responsibilities as Chair of SER Mid-Atlantic, and what inspired you to take on this leadership role?

I’ve served one full term as the executive lead (VP, President and Past-President) and am entering a second term now. In this role I am leading the Chapter in our yearly initiatives and overseeing committees pulled together to provide our members with an opportunity to meet and gain the knowledge transfers I mention above.

I largely took on this role because I wanted to see the Chapter moving again. During the COVID 19 pandemic, everyone across the nation somewhat disappeared from Chapter activities (not only the Mid-Atlantic I have found). I, like most others, definitely did not have the extra time to really take on the responsibility (I’ve had two children in that same initial term). I took advantage of my parental leave with my first born to get away from work responsibilities and put it into the Chapter while spending time with my family.

Over the last 3 years it has slowly started to pick up and we have been able to put together two decent conferences and a handful of state field trips that were a great success. Now, as I enter a second term, I want to focus on expanding our engagement with the younger generation entering the ecological restoration field that are eager to get involved and learn more from the seasoned vets that have been doing the work for decades.

What unique ecological restoration challenges and opportunities are associated with your region and how does the SER Mid-Atlantic Chapter address them?

Over the last 3-years in my first term I’ve noticed a few different issues, some politically driven and others practice driven. We’ve tried to focus on the practice driven issues, mainly the observation of invasive species migration into new regions, and standards for native seed generation led by Eve Allen through Ecological Health Network. The Chapter is able to help connect folks doing research on both these issues with folks implementing projects, so as to help both advance their standards of care and practice.

What is your vision for the future of ecological restoration in your region, and how do you see the SER Mid-Atlantic Chapter contributing to this vision?

A highlight topic of our recent conferences is melding ecological restoration in our urbanized environments. The Mid-Atlantic Chapter specifically houses some of the largest metropolises and urbanized settings in the US, spanning from West Virginia to Virginia to D.C. through to New York.

Urbanized settings will continue to exist, but finding ways to create pockets of habitat within them and to provide living based solutions that bring people back to nature is one of our greatest opportunities for public engagement. There are people already doing this, and I see the Chapter as a place to exchange knowledge and discuss how we can reconnect our urbanized areas and our restored ecosystems.

What inspired you to pursue certification, and how has it impacted your career and/or work in the field of ecological restoration?

We need a basis of certification to distinguish folks with the expertise to do this line of work. Just like an engineering license, it requires a solid foundation of knowledge and practice to be able to execute these projects. Our regulatory agencies and clients funding the projects should have a level of confidence in our ability and what we present to them in our designs.

That is why I pursued certification and I use it as a highlight in every proposal I put together for the work. I believe showcasing that our team is composed of multiple certified practitioners in the field of ecological restoration helps set us apart.

In your view, what are the advantages of becoming a CERP, both for individuals and the ecological restoration profession as a whole?

For the same reasons I became certified. It brings a standard of care and practice to implementation on such a wide range of variable habitats. Becoming certified shows you have that understanding and are living to the standard of care to implement this type of work.

What advice do you have for restoration professionals considering certification?

Just do it already. If you are an active restoration professional, you are likely already knowledgeable enough to meet the certification requirements. Also, it helps our community advance even when there is so much political opposition (at least in the US) towards listening to knowledgeable individuals.

What is your vision for the continued growth and recognition of CERP certification in the field?

I want to see the certification grow to the levels and acknowledgement as what a professional wetland scientist or professional engineer license provides.

Matt discussing with a confidential client the early stages of a stream and freshwater wetland restoration project.

Are there specific ecological restoration principles or practices that you find particularly fascinating or effective, and how have you applied them in your work or projects?

We had great success at WSP using the term “bio-benchmarks”, and I’ve presented webinars on projects using it. Other folks have different names for it, but it's essentially a habitat survey through transects, and generating ranges of elevations those habitats thrive in at a local setting. We are able to define upper and lower limits of those habitat types, dominant species, and then tie our physical based factors, like hydrology, to better define our design. In coastal marsh restoration, this lets us step away (a little) from outdated epoch ranges in the US for tidal ranges. We’ve had great success with it.

Could you highlight a particular project or initiative you've been involved in that you're especially proud of or passionate about?

I’ve been involved in quite a few projects over the recent years that I have been particularly passionate about. At this moment it would be the Higbee Beach Restoration Project with the NJDEP Office of Natural Resource Restoration in the Wildlife Management Area in Cape May, NJ. I started working on this project in 2013, and put in a lot of late night hours on this 400+ acre habitat restoration project. It went on hold in 2018 for funding, then COVID hit, and then issues in bidding, and just now at the first of the year, we have finally passed all of the hurdles and are starting construction on the project.

Discussing with NJDEP and local agencies equipment capacities for post construction maintenance and marsh equipment for the Higbee Beach Restoration project.

In your view, what are the most pressing ecological restoration challenges or opportunities that the field is currently facing, and how do you see SER playing a role in addressing them?

Like most everything being built, climate change. How do we account for the unknown with such variability in projections based on human caused changes that could go one way or the other. This is going to affect current ecosystems and species throughout the world and we are already seeing climate change impacts. The spread of invasive species for example is occurring in regions that previously did not provide conditions for them to thrive and outcompete native species. SER, as a global entity, can help shape policy and knowledge for addressing design standards to accommodate and adapt to changing climate conditions to protect native species throughout the world.

Can you share some key lessons or insights you've gained from your work that you believe are important for the broader restoration community?

Public engagement is critical (there is a reason it's part of the SER’s Standards). The general public does not understand what ecological restoration is or the practices and principles behind the physical and nature based work. It’s our job to communicate that to them. I’ve seen projects die far along in the design phase because of inadequate public engagement from clients. Another insight is to make sure you understand your regional based ecology and climate stressors in your designs. Mother nature is very temperamental down to a local scale. You need to be semi-local in your evaluations for restoration or you may not achieve project design success.

What advice do you have for students or emerging professionals who are considering a career in ecological restoration?

I think the generation entering the field of ecological restoration is already lightyears in front of the generations before them. As a result of their college experience, they are aware of ecological restoration practices and identify it specifically as a career option. Just a little over a decade ago while I was in college, I had no idea this was a career path and just happened to fall into it. They are also very eager to get into the work.

My biggest recommendation is to find a good company or agency that fits with your level of speed in the work. Consulting and engineering is high energy and fast paced, whereas research is slower and spends more time in the data understanding. Also find a good mentor. With both of those, put your nose in the dirt and just learn as much as you can as early as you can.

Matt (always in photos with my back turned) looking at coastal channel migration from previous site visit.

What’s something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

I used to fight in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) during college and am a first degree black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ).

 

How long have you been a member of SER, why did you join, and what is your best experience with SER far?

I’ve been a practicing limnologist/ecologist since 1981, primarily working in larger organizations with a primary focus in civil engineering.  I think I joined in 2003 just prior to attending the SERI Conference in Austin, Texas, which is still one of the best experiences/choices I’ve made in my professional career.  Prior to attending the Austin Conference, I was somewhat aware of, but not connected to, the community of restoration ecologists.  Austin changed that for me and sent me on a different trajectory.

I initially joined SER to be able to justify presenting a paper at a conference! I was working on an ecological restoration project at a SuperFund site, had collected a bunch of data on restoration success, and had gone back to my undergraduate roots looking at success via Diversity Indices (statistics nerd).  The opportunity to present at Austin came up, and there you have it. 

Mike Toohill

What does achieving the Certified Ecological Restoration Practitioner (CERP) credential mean to you?

It means that a jury of my peers has convicted me of having the competence to serve as a proponent and manager of ecological restoration projects.

What motivated you to get certified?

I’ve been working on getting the SER Certification Program up and running since a large group of us met in San Francisco in May 2008 to kick around the idea. From that, the SER Ad Hoc Committee on Professional Certification was formed, and I was invited to be a member of that committee. It took many years and many many many person hours of volunteer time to get the program running. It was desperately needed because of the potential (and often realized) failure rate of ecological restoration projects not performed in a holistic manner.

How has certification helped your professional career?

The letters after my name have done little yet, but we hope that they will gain a broader audience and greater acceptance in the near future. The interaction with the community of CERPs has helped my professional career. As a CERP myself, I learn something each time I interact with other CERPs. I’ve been lucky enough to sit and talk with the likes of Andy Clewell, John Rieger, John Stanley, Keith Bowers, and with a fellow CERP Tein McDonald on ecological restoration concepts, the development of the SER Primer, Standards for the practice of ER, and some of the projects they’ve been involved in.

Mike Toohill beside Smokey the Bear

What is your current occupation?

I am a consultant, a mentor, a problem solver, and an educator.  I’ve taught graduate school classes, but I view my job as educating my clients, my colleagues, and staff, the regulatory community, the public, and myself.  By title, I am the Principal of Ecological Services and Permitting—a mouthful that still doesn’t describe what I do on a day-to-day basis.

Please tell us about your career trajectory in the field of ecological restoration?

It was a dark and stormy night… Actually, it was a beautiful sunny day when in my junior year as an undergraduate, I was doing field research on benthic macroinvertebrate communities as part of my undergraduate capstone project. I went back to my study site (a lovely stream in a state park) only to find that a gravel road had been pushed across the stream, basically destroying the community I had been studying. At the urging of my major professor, I kept going back over the next year and watched as the system recovered from the insult. That has been my career ever since—trying to help avoid impacts and when impact occurs helping manage (and mostly watch) recovery.

What do you find most rewarding about working for your organization?

The interaction with young, bright, eager, and idealistic staff.  They keep me on my toes!

What projects are you working on right now?

On the ecological restoration side, I’m working on a couple of stream culvert replacements/stream continuity projects, a stream daylighting project, and several wetland enhancement/re-creation projects.

Stream culvert replacements/stream continuity projects

How does your work support the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration?

What’s that old saw? “Think globally, act locally”? Globally, our climate is changing, and local restoration projects need to account for that. In the northeast, that has meant more extreme weather events leading to increased rainfall and seemingly milder winters, which will ultimately change the species mix as warmer weather plants and animals move further north.

What does ecological restoration mean to you?

It means integrating science, engineering, and economics into a holistic approach to solving ecological problems. Which is poetic justice, since we caused most of the problems anyway.

Why would you encourage others, particularly young people, to get involved in this field?

The tasks you get a chance to work on are so diverse, you literally learn something new every day (or at least every month) and no two projects are the same.  It keeps your mind challenged and engaged. Plus, you get to work outside a lot!

Mike Toohill hiking

What’s something about you (a fun fact) that not many people know?

I’m an avid hiker and amateur photographer, and hope to visit as many US National Parks and Monuments as possible while I can still hit the trail for hours on end.